Why are b- lactam antibiotics only bactericidal to growing bacteria?

Q: What are some mutations that bacteria have acquired to resist antibiotocs? Include source/website…

A: Bacteria develop resistance against antibiotics by undergoing some mutations.

Q: Why are protease inhibitors an effective treatment forhuman AIDS?

A: HIV is a member of retrovirus family that is closely related to SIV (Simian Immunodeficiency virus)…

Q: Bacteriophage entry into a host cell involves: a) Endocytosis b) Membrane fusion c) Direct injection…

A: A bacteriophage, commonly referred to as a phage, is a type of virus that specifically infects…

Q: There are fewer antifungal, anti protozoal, and antihelminth drugs compared to antibacterial drugs…

A: The antifungal drug is a drug that is used to kill the fungus. The antiprotozoal drug is a drug that…

Q: Are the bacteria that cause Lyme disease likely to develop antibiotic resistance? Why or why not

A: Antibiotic resistance refers to the phenomenon in which certain bacteria and fungi develop…

Q: Explain how bacteria may have antiviral abilities.

A: The acellular microorganisms that require a cell called the host to replicate are known as viruses.…

Q: Which immunization is recommended to protect against the bacterium Haemophilus influenzae type b…

A: Vaccines are used to immunise people against infectious diseases. Vaccines boost the immune system…

Q: What is leading to the development of antibiotic-resistance bacteria? Why should we be concerned?

A: WHAT IS THE MEANING OF ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE BACTERIA ? Antibiotic are drugs designed to kill…

Q: What is the importance of lysogenic conversion in bacterial pathogenesis?

A: During the lysogenic cycle, the DNA of a bacteriophage (a virus that infects bacteria) is integrated…

Q: Give two reasons why bacteria are becoming more and more resistant to antibiotics.

A: Antibiotics are the drugs used to treat bacterial infections and they are produced by certain fungal…

Q: What type of adaptation are the Shigella bacteria exhibiting?

A: Shigella are gram-negative, nonmotile, pathogenic bacteria that resembles E.coli and it has…

Q: What are the three major ways bacteria resist antibiotics? Do any of these tend to be correlated…

A: The three major ways bacteria can resist antibiotics is  (1) Enzymatic degradation of the…

Q: Antibiotic resistance is promoted by overprescription of antibiotics. How do we stop this trend?…

A: Antibiotics are used for preventing and treating infections caused by a specific pathogens.…

Q: When considering bacterial cells, what are the five major targets for antibiotics?

A: Antibiotics are agents which specifically inhibit the growth of bacterial cells. These antibiotics…

Q: Which one(s) is/are more harmful to the host and why? A) Antifungal agents B) antiprotozoal agents…

A: Ani fungal drugs are the most harmful to human body even more than the anti protozoal agents and the…

Q: Why we say Beta-lactam antibiotics to penicillin and also explain mode of action of theses…

A: Antibiotics is the word antibiosis which means against life.  They are chemical compounds obtained…

Q: 10) If the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus experiences a cost for maintaining one or more…

A: Staphylococcus aureus becomes drug-resistant. Genetic mutation is the process that decreases…

Q: Why antibiotic resistant is a threat to the world?

A: Antibiotic resistance Antibiotics are the chemicals or compounds that are used to kill bacteria.…

Q: How does the E. coli strain 026:H11 damage its victims?

A: The enterohaemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) serotype O26 is the second most common enterohaemorrhagic E.…

Q: The major issue associated with the use of live, attenuated virus for vaccines is _____. A)…

A: ANSWER) The use of live attenuated virus for vaccines is not recommended as the attenuated virus can…

Q: Name various sources of antibiotics.

A: Antibiotics are the chemical substances that have a lethal action on the life of bacteria. Some…

Q: Is E.coli resistant to the antibiotic produced from the S. griseus strain?

A: Antibiotic resistance develops in bacteria by transferring an antibiotic-resistant gene from…

Q: Why is it difficult to develop a universal flu vaccine?

A: A universal flu vaccine refers to the type of vaccine that will be functional against all kinds of…

Q: #2 What are Beta-lactam antibiotics ?

A: Beta-lactam antibiotics are a class of antibiotics that share a common chemical structure known as…

Q: What is the major source of antibiotics and what appears to be thenatural function of antibiotics in…

A: Step 1: Antibiotics, also called as antibacterials, are substances that destroy bacteria or slow…

Q: Antibiotics are termed broad spectrum if they inhibit both Gram negative and Gram positive bacteria.…

A: Bacteria are microorganism that most commonly occur in the soil, air, water and in adverse…

Q: List and describe the 4 mechanisms bacterial cells use in order to become antibiotic resistant.

A: Bacteria are a group of prokaryotic microscopic single celled organisms. They live in diverse…

Q: What is meant by ‘broad spectrum antibiotics’?

A: Antibiotics are also called antibacterial and are the medications that slow or destroy bacterial…

Q: Which of the statements about bacteriophage is FALSE:   a)  specialized transduction is a low…

A: A bacteriophage, sometimes referred to as a phage colloquially, is a duplodnaviria virus that…

Q: Q5) What genus of bacteria is most likely to produce antibiotics? Q6) How could you tell if…

A: ANTIBIOTICS  1.These are the Substances  or medicines produced from various living  micro organisms…

Q: antibiotic resistance spread through bacterial populations?

A: Bacteria develop resistance mechanisms by using instructions provided by their DNA. Often,…

Q: 29) The life cycle of the virus that infects bacteria and allows the bacteria to survive is called:…

A: A virus may even infect microorganisms! Bacteriophages are the name for the viruses that infect…

Q: a) Lytic cycle b) Latent cycle c) Oncogenic cycle

A: Viral reproduction: Viral replication or reproduction does not occur by their own. It depends on…

Q: Given that antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria are a concern to the general health of a…

A: The antibiotics are a special substances that are released by some bacteria to kill or inhibit the…

Q: Explain how bacteria may have antiviral abilities.

A: Viruses are acellular microorganisms that require a cell called the host to replicate. They can…

Q: What is meant by ‘narrow spectrum antibiotics’?

A: Antibiotics are the drugs used to kill bacterial species by limiting their cell division or…

Q: What are novel antibiotics? And their difference to normal antibiotics

A: What are novel antibiotics?

Q: Describe how antibiotic resistance develops in bacteria.

A:

Q: What is a probiotic? How does it differ from a prebiotic?

A: Nutraceuticals are products that have nutritional value and can be used as medicines. It provides…

Q: With some level of toxic shock syndrome caused by the superantigen produced by Staphylococcus…

A: Staphylococcus aureus - It is round shaped, gram positive bacteria, member of Firmicutes, generally…

Q: How does Escherichia coli try to protect itself from phage attack,and how does T4 protect itself…

A: The lytic cycle of the virus replication starts from the attachment of the virus on the surface of…

Q: What enzyme is responsible for the production of viral DNA from a retrovirus?

A: REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE are the main enzymes which is responsible for the production of Viral DNA from…

Q: What are the bacterial cell targets of the different antibiotics?

A: Antibiotics are antimicrobial substances that control or inhibit the growth of microorganisms,…

Q: 6. a) Some phages infecting bacteria possess the enzyme the bacterial cell wall, allowing the viral…

A: Viruses are the obligate parasite. They can replicate in living cells only.

Pathogenicity

Infection and Transmission

The infections are generated by the pathogenic organisms present in the environment. They maintain the capacity to invade a host body and establish colonies. A disease caused by such infectious agents is called a communicable disease or transmissible disease. These diseases spread through diverse means including blood, food, water, air, or vectors.