Chemistry: Principles and Reactions
8th Edition
ISBN: 9781305079373
Author: William L. Masterton, Cecile N. Hurley
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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- A buffer is prepared in which the ratio [ H2PO4 ]/[ HPO42 ]is 3.0. (a) What is the pH of this buffer? (b) Enough strong acid is added to convert 15% of HPO42- to H2PO4-. What is the pH of the resulting solution? (c) Enough strong base is added to make the pH 7.00. What is the ratio of [H2PO4-] to [HPO42-] at this point?arrow_forwardAcrylic acid is used in the polymer industry in the production of acrylates. Its K, is 5.6 X 10“’. What is the pH of a 0.11 M solution of acrylic acid, CH2CHCOOH?arrow_forwardAn important component of blood is the buffer combination of dihydrogen phosphate ion and the hydrogen phosphate ion. Consider blood with a pH of 7.44. a What is the ratio of [H2PO4] to [HPO42]? b What does the pH become if 25% of the hydrogen phosphate ions are converted to dihydrogen phosphate ion? c What does the pH become if 15% of the dihydrogen phosphate ions are converted to hydrogen phosphate ions?arrow_forward
- Define a buffer solution. What makes up a buffer solution? How do buffers absorb added H+ or OH with little pH change? Is it necessary that the concentrations of the weak acid and the weak base in a buffered solution be equal? Explain. What is the pH of a buffer when the weak acid and conjugate base concentrations are equal? A buffer generally contains a weak acid and its weak conjugate base, or a weak base and its weak conjugate acid, in water. You can solve for the pH by setting up the equilibrium problem using the K.a reaction of the weak acid or the Kb reaction of the conjugate base. Both reactions give the same answer for the pH of the solution. Explain. A third method that can be used to solve for the pH of a buffet solution is the HendersonHasselbalch equation. What is the HendersonHasselbalch equation? What assumptions are made when using this equation?arrow_forwardPhenol, C6H5OH, is a weak organic acid. Suppose 0.515 g of the compound is dissolved in enough water to make 125 mL of solution. The resulting solution is titrated with 0.123 M NaOH. C6H5OH(aq) + OH(aq) C6H5O(aq) + H2O() (a) What is the pH of the original solution of phenol? (b) What are the concentrations of all of the following ions at the equivalence point: Na+, H3O+, OH, and C6H5O? (c) What is the pH of the solution at the equivalence point?arrow_forwardThe text describes zinc hydroxide as an amphoteric hydroxide, so Zn(OH)2 is soluble in basic solution. What is the molar solubility of Zn(OH)2 in 1.00 M NaOH? What is the pH of the equilibrium solution?arrow_forward
- A solution is 1.5 104 M Zn2 and 0.20 M HSO4. The solution also contains Na2SO4. What should be the minimum molarity of Na2SO4 to prevent the precipitation of zinc sulfide when the solution is saturated with hydrogen sulfide (0.10 M H2S)?arrow_forwardFollow the directions of Question 64. Consider two beakers: Beaker A has a weak acid(K a=1105). Beaker B has HCI. The volume and molarity of each acid in the beakers are the same. Both acids are to be titrated with a 0.1 M solution of NaOH. (a) Before titration starts (at zero time), the pH of the solution in Beaker A is the pH of the solution in Beaker B. (b) At half-neutralization (halfway to the equivalence point), the pH of the solution in Beaker A the pH of the solution in Beaker B. (c) When each solution has reached its equivalence point, the pH of the solution in Beaker A the pH of the solution in Beaker B. (d) At the equivalence point, the volume of NaOH used to titrate HCI in Beaker B the volume of NaOH used to titrate the weak acid in Beaker A.arrow_forwardCalculate the pH of a 0.072 M aqueous solution of aluminum chloride, AlCl3. The acid ionization of hydrated aluminum ion is Al(H2O)63+(aq)+H2O(l)Al(H2O)5OH2+(aq)+H3O+(aq) and K4 is 1.4 103.arrow_forward
- Mixing together solutions of acetic acid and sodium hydroxide can make a buffered solution. Explain. How does the amount of each solution added change the effectiveness of the buffer?arrow_forwardCalculate K for the reactions in Question 4.arrow_forwardWhat must be the concentration of chromate ion in order to precipitate strontium chromate, SrCrO4, from a solution that is 0.0034 M Sr2+?arrow_forward
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