Which one of the following is a possibility for most of us in regard to breathing, by making a conscious effort? Justify your option. a) One can consciously breathe in and breathe out by moving the diaphragm alone, without moving the ribs at all b)The lungs can be made fully empty by forcefully breathing out all air from them c)One can breathe out air totally without oxygen d) One can breathe out air through eustachian tubes by closing both the nose and the mouth

Which of the following would increase the diffusion of oxygen from the alveoli into the bloodstream?     a)  A decrease in total lung capacity   b)  A decrease in circulating red blood cells in the blood   c)  An increase in the partial pressure of oxygen in the blood vessels surrounding the alveoli   d)  An increase in the number of blood vessels surrounding the alveoli   e)  A decrease in the pressure gradient between the alveoli and the bloodstream

1) During alveolar HYPERventilation, levels of blood CO2 drop while blood O2 is elevated. What reflexive responses will this stimulate from the CPG?   a) Increased DRG and VRG activity in the medulla, stimulating I and E motor neurons.   b) Decreased DRG and VRG activity in the medulla, stimulating I and E motor neurons.   c) Decreased DRG and VRG activity in the medulla, inhibiting I and E motor neurons.   d) Increased DRG and VRG activity in the medulla, inhibiting I and E motor neurons.

Select the correct path taken by expired air from the larynx O A) Nasal cavity--->oropharynx--->nasopharynx---> laryngopharynx O B) Larngopharynx --->nasopharynx---> oropharynx ---->nasal cavity OC) Oropharynx---->laryngopharynx---->nasopharynx --->nasal cavity 3 D) Laryngopharynx --> oropharynx---> nasopharynx OE) None of the above

Which of the following is an abnormal lower airway sound associated with breathing? A) Gurgling B) Snoring C) Stridor D) Wheezing

Respiratory cycles begin with inspiration and end with expiration and are driven by the respiratory control centre. Which of the following statements best describes the sensory inputs to the respiratory centres?     Central chemoreceptors located on the carotid bodies in the neck monitor arterial blood chemistry.     Peripheral chemoreceptors detect an increase in the partial carbon dioxide pressure resulting in stimulation of the respiratory centres.     Stretch receptors in the brainstem are activated when the lungs expand.     Peripheral chemoreceptors monitor the chemistry of the cerebrospinal fluid to detect changes in pH.

Which of the following are mechanisms to prevent food from entering the larynx? (Check all that apply.) Select one or more: a. Tipping of epiglottis over glottis b. Movement of the tongue over the inlet to the larynx c. Closure of the glottis d. Contraction of the thyroid cartilage, pinching closed the larynx

The function of the vibrissae in the vestibule is to: Group of answer choices provide a large, mucus-covered surface area over which air must pass before reaching the pharynx. provide an initial “filter” to screen particulate matter from air that is entering the system. produce copious quantities of mucus. serve as resonating chambers for speech

The opening marked by the black arrow connects which of the following: Choose from the following: (A) vestibule to nasal cavity (B) nasopharynx / oropharynx (C) nasal cavity / nasopharynx (D) oropharynx / laryngopharynx (E) nasal cavity / oral cavity

During inhalation:     The diaphragm contracts and the external intercostals contract making the volume of the thoracic cavity larger.     The diaphragm and the external intercostals relax making the volume of the thoracic cavity larger     The diaphragm relaxes and the external intercostals contract making the volume of the thoracic cavity smaller     The diaphragm relaxes and the internal intercostals contract making the volume of the thoracic cavity smaller