Which of the following would be considered a quantitative trait? O a. The color of a mouse population is either white or dark brown depending on the habitat they are living in. O b. The number of fingers in humans is typically 5, which is recessive to the dominant trait of polydactyly. O c. The size of the beak in a population of birds is either classified as large (range 10-11cm) or small (5-8cm). O d. The length of tails in a population of guppies is: 14.5cm, 16cm, 16.2cm, 16.7cm, 17.1cm, 19cm, 20.5cm.

Another condition that can occur in squirrel populations is the albino condition. In this condition, squirrels lack all pigmentation resulting in completely white fur and pink eyes. As with leucistic squirrels, albino squirrels are more conspicuous to predators. In addition, the lack of pigment in their eyes results in poor eyesight. These two conditions result in albino squirrels dying off before they reach maturity.   If the lab simulation were to be repeated, but instead of leucism, the recessive condition in the population was albinism, what would you expect to see happen to the allele frequencies for normal pigmentation (G) and albinism (g) over the 10 generations? Remember that no albino (gg) individuals would survive to reproduce in each generation. Would you expect to find g alleles in the population by the 10th generation? Why or why not?

A farmer bought a herd of 500 sheep, taken from a freely breeding population, and later found that 25 of the animals had an economically undesirable feature, crinkly-hair, caused by the recessive allele (c). Assume Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium.  The owner then separates all those animals showing crinkly-hair and sends them for slaughter. He allows the remaining animals to breed freely. What proportion of the next generation of lambs would be expected to show crinkly hair?

About 70 percent of all Caucasians can taste the chemical phenylthiocarbamide, and the remainder cannot. The ability to taste this chemical is determined by the dominant allele T, and the inability to taste is determined by the recessive allele t. If the population is assumed to be in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, what is the heterozygotes frequency in this population? a. 0.7 b. 0.4 c. 0.2 d. 0.5

The ratio for offspring in a specific population is .35 Homozygous AA, .20 Heterozygous Aa, .45 Homozygous for aa. If the A gene is dominant orange and the gene is recessive blue what is the phenotype ratio that will be observed from this population?

Which of the following traits would you expect to be under weakest selection? Explain your answer. 1. The development of prostate cancer in older male humans 2. The development of digits in frogs 3. The silver hair color on silver back male gorillas 4. The dance choreography in peacock spiders

Grouse in Russia show a recessive mutation “short-tail” that causes problems in the control of direction when flying. In 2002 a survey  of a large, freely interbreeding, population of 1,856 grouse revealed 142 with short tail feathers. What proportion of the grouse population would you expect to be heterozygous at the short-tail locus ?

You are surveying population genetics of snails while studying abroad in New Zealand.  At your locus of interest, you have AA: 32 Aa:46 aa: 22.  Identify the statement that accurately describes this population.   a. The genotype frequency of AA is 0.77.   b. The frequency of the A allele is  0.45.   c. The genotype frequency of the heterozygotes is 0.45.   d. The frequency of the a allele is 0.23.

Two populations of snails live on opposite sides of a city.  The frequency of the recessive allele (q) of a trait is 0.1 in the population on the south side of the city and 0.6 in the population on the north side. Some individuals from the north side are moved to the south side.  After migration, 35% of the individuals on the south side are migrants (originally from the north side).  Determine how this migration event affected q in the south side population.  Round to the nearest thousandth.  Express all values as a frequency in the format “0.###” What is the value of m?  What is q in the south side population after migration (aka, q’)?

If the X3 allele is undergoing positive selection, what will be the likely end result? A There will be no individuals that are X3X3 B All individuals will be X1X3 or X2X3 because of the heterozygote advantage. C The variance of the trait will stay the same, but the mean value will increase. D The frequency of X3 will increase and it could potentially become fixed in the population. e The allele frequency of X1 and X2 will stay the same, but the allele frequency of X3 will increase.