Which of the following statements is true?   a. Case reports and case series are not useful as scientific evidence   b. Experimental studies, such as randomized controlled trials, are mandatory to confirm associations between a risk factor and a disease   c. Case reports and case series can provide clues to a new/emerging health condition   d. Case-reports and case-series are based solely on the opinions of the investigator

Your hospital Vice-President for Population Health asks you to research and evaluate the most commonly used planning models for conducting the community health needs assessments (CHNA) that the IRS requires of not-for-profit hospitals. In your research you find that the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends that CHNA (and the community health assessments – CHAs - that health departments conduct) follow eight steps in an assessment. Review the an overview of commonly used planning models described on this CDC website. Also review four examples of common models below. ACHI AHA Community Health Improvement Catholic Health Association NACCHO ASTHO- SHIP Finally, enter a bullet or phrase in each of the cells in this (the attached template) that describes how each of the planning modules addresses the 8 steps in a CHNA/CHA process. This evaluation template will form the basis of your report to your Vice-President.

Select the incorrect statement on screening tests   a. Screening tests are recommended for sufficiently prevalent conditions   b. Screening tests are generally recommended for conditions that are important   c. Screening tests need to be reliable and valid   d. Screening tests are usually recommended for conditions which do not have a treatment

One advantage of case-control studies is that the temporal relationship between exposure and outcome cannot always be ascertained. True or False?