Which of the following processes does ciprofloxacin interfere with in order to prevent bacterial growth? (A) Cell wall synthesis (B) DNA repolicsation (C) Electron trsansport (D) Protein Synthesis (E) RNA chain elongation

19

(b) Biotin is a coenzyme required for a key step in gluconeogenesis. (i) To which enzyme is biotin linked and what is the nature of the bond? (ii) What properties do the biotin and the linkage have that enable biotin to interact with two distinct active sites in this enzyme? (iii) What chemical steps take place at each of these active sites (no need to specify the complete reactions)?

1. ATP is a good source of energy for the cell because a) it is versatile-able to be used in many types of reactions b) its breakdown is easily coupled with energy–requiring reactions c) it provides just the right amount of energy for cellular reactions d) all of these are correct   2. Which of the following is an example of potential energy? a) gasoline in the tank of an automobile b) the engine of an auto running c) a skier moving downhill d) pushing a desk across a room   3. The conditions for alcoholic or lactic acid fermentation: a) are the same as those for cellular respiration b) result in the production of more ATP than cellular respiration c) include the requirement of both carbon dioxide and oxygen d) produce less ATP than cellular respiration   4. Which of the following statements is TRUE? a) according to chemisomotic theory, concentration gradients drive the formation of ATP b) an electron loses energy each time it is transferred down the ETC c) there is a buildup of H+…

Amylase is an enzyme that breaks bonds between the monosaccharides in starch in order to detach these monosaccharides from the chain of starch. Based on this description, which type of reaction does amylase catalyze? A) Osmotic reactions B) Peptide reactions C) Dehydration reactions D) Hydrolysis reactions

Which of the following components of the ubiqutin-proteasome pathway are ATPases?  (i.e., which consume ATP in order to function?) (Select all that apply) a)E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase b)19S proteasome c)20S proteasome d)E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme e)E1 ubiquitin-activating enzyme f)Ubiquitin

Glycogen is the major animal storage polysaccharide, and is a polymer of glucose. a) List ALL the biochemical steps involved in storing GLUCOSE as glycogen b) Give NAME/S of the ENZYMES involved in EACH listed step c) What PULLS the reaction forward? d) Give the NAME of the tissue where these steps occur. (HINT: remember glycogen is branched chain).

Phosphatidate is: OA) O B) a precursor to triacylglycerol synthesis. a phospholipid. OC) indirectly derived from dihydroxyacetone phosphate. OD) A and B. OE) All of the above.

What following compound can be found with a tyrosyl unit? A) Glycosyl phosphatidyl inositol B) Sphingosine 1 -phosphate C) Glycogen D) Serotonin E) S-glutathione

a) Explain in your own words, under what conditions pyruvate is converted into lactic acid (2pt). b) Does lactic acid fermentation occur in all cells of the body? (0.5pt). c) Explain in your own words your answer to part (b) (1pt) Answers must be in full sentences, include correct grammar and spelling, and contain biological correct information (0.5pt).