Which of the following is NOT true regarding nicotine?   a. its psychoactive effects include improved attention, concentration, learning, and memory   b. green tobacco sickness affects smokers who use tobacco products that haven’t been properly dried   c. stress accelerates nicotine metabolism, driving smokers into nicotine withdrawal faster   d. it might be the only addictive chemical in tobacco, but other chemicals in tobacco might operate as catecholamine agonists   e. of the main pharmacologic treatments to aid smoking cessation, only Zyban (bupropion) does not lessen withdrawal symptoms through gentle activation of ACh receptors

Benzodiazepines are thought to act through what system in the body : the serotonin system, the GABA/benzodiazepine receptor complex, the sympathetic nervous system, or the dopamine system?

A patient comes into a hospital emergency room sedated and non-responsive. She had been at a college party where she drank many shots of vodka. What is the most likely explanation for her behavioral and physiological symptoms?   A. The alcohol increased the actions of GABA at the GABA receptor chloride channel   B. The alochol increased dopamine and serotonin activity by running the transporters backwards   C. The alcohol blocked the dopamine reuptake transporter   D. the alcohol activated serotinin autoreceptors in the brain   E. none of the above

How did most Westerners become exposed to and addicted to opioid drugs in the 18th and 19th centuries? Explain your answer.