Which of the following is correct? All bacteria can form endospores O Vegetative cells are inactive cells Endospores are a dormant stage of a cell Endospores stain pink

Which of the following does NOT describe a mechanism of antibiotic resistance among bacteria? enzymes to hydrolyze or chemically alter the antibiotics mutations in target molecules so that antibiotics can no longer bind efflux pumps cell wall diffusion barrier, e.g. Gram-negative outer membrane, Acid Fast cell wall of Mycobacterium O increased synthesis of porins to increase antibiotic diffusion across membranes

Some bacteria have a tube which allows materials to move directly into or out of the cytoplasm. This tube is called a ___.   cilium   flagellum   genera   pilus

Is Gram positive bacillus subtilis:  yes or no answers Halophile?  A parasite or saprophyte? Enteric pathogen? Endospores? Hemolytic pattern? Produce hydrogen sulfide gas?

which of the choices below is wrong or incorrect about glycocalyx/capsule/slime layer)? It is the outer shell/casing of the endospore O It is NOT a part of the cell wall or plasma membrane O It can be used by bacteria to attach to various surfaces O It protects the bacteria from the body's immune/defence system O it is made of sugars (carbohydrates) and/or proteins

Teichoic acid is a major feature of which cell wall? O Fungal Viral O Gram-positive bacteria Gram-negative bacteria O O All of the options

An acid-fast stain can be used to detect protective coverings found in using light microscopy. organisms incorporating mycolic acid in the cell wall organisms forming endospores organisms with capsules organisms with Gram-negative cell walls

Which of these is NOT a group that we typically use to subdivide the medically important gram-positive bacilli? O Non-endospore-formers Irregular shaped and staining properties motile / nonmotile Endospore-formers

Imagine a cell that truly has a Gram-positive style of cell wall. Which of the following staining errors would cause the cell to give a Gram-negative reaction? Assume that only 1 error is made at a time, but more than 1 type of error MAY be able interfere with the Gram stain. Mark all that are correct. 1. Forgetting to apply the crystal violet 2. Forgetting to apply the iodine 3. Forgetting to apply the alcohol 4. Leaving the alcohol on for 60 seconds (too long) 5. Forgetting to apply the safranin

An amphitrichous bacteria's flagellar arrangement would be described as having one flagella on either end of the cell. True O False