Which of the following effectively describes the situation of someone with an inherited predisposition to cancer such a familial adenomatous polyposis or BRCA-associated familial breast cancer?  Choose all that apply Group of answer choices None of the other answers effectively describes the situation If they get malignant cancer, somatic mutations will not have been a factor Their cancer will most likely arise in their germ cells, not their somatic cells Most cells in their body contain multiple cancer-causing mutations Every cell of their body contains a gain-of-function allele of an oncogene Every cell of their body contains a defective, loss-of-function allele of a tumor suppressor gene

Q: Briefly summarize the conventional wisdom (DNA mutation theory) of the cause of cancer. Discuss the…

A: It  proposes that successive DNA mutations in a single cell cause cancer (monoclonality). This…

Q: Having a mutant form of the gene XYZ is associated with a higher incidence of cancer than is seen in…

A: A mutant gene XYZ is linked with higher incidences of causing cancer than other mutation. The XYZ…

Q: Which of these statements regarding the affected gene are likely to be TRUE? Both copies of the gene…

A: Rhabdomyosarcoma is a highly aggressive form of cancer, where mesenchymal cells become unable to…

Q: What is meant by the "two-hit" model of cancer development? Describe this theory in detail and…

A: Two-hit hypothesis : The "two-hit" hypothesis or model was first proposed by geneticist Alfred…

Q: Cancers typically have which of the following in common?   Question 1 options:   abnormal nuclei…

A: Cancer cells are defined as the cells that grow and divide at a rapid rate abnormally.They are…

Q: A normally functioning gene that regulates the cell cycle by stopping cell division is most likely…

A: Question - A normally functioning gene that regulates the cell cycle by stopping cell division is…

Q: Which of the following is NOT an example of fail-safe mechanisms that prevent the irregular cell…

A: Cancer is the uncontrolled cell division where he ell continuously divides. Cancer cells thus become…

Q: Cancer is a major public health problem.  Both inherited genes and environmental factors play a role…

A: Cancer has become a major global health issue for some time. Cancers occur by environmental…

Q: Mrs. Ortez has type III breast cancer and is now concluding the trial portion of a certain research…

A: Stage III breast cancer is a stage where the cancer has spread beyonf the tumor region and might…

Q: Which is a.) Reduction of cancer risks b.) Correction of cancer genes or c.) Destruction of cancer…

A: Cancer is a disease caused by the uncontrolled proliferation of cells due to the defects in the cell…

Q: HeLa cells are a line of cells grown in laboratory culture that has been used extensively in…

A: Cancer is a disease which is caused by the uncontrolled growth of the cells, without regulation of…

Q: p53 is a gene / protein often associated with cancer.  Why?  What does p53 do?  What kind of gene is…

A: p53 is a tumor suppressor gene it is called so because its activity stops the formation of…

Q: Which of the following is NOT an example of a fail-safe mechanism that prevents the irregular cell…

A: Uncontrolled cell division results in the development of a tumor or cancer. There are many factors…

Q: Which of the following is involved in the formation of cancer? O mutations in genes involved in DNA…

A: Cancer is a disease in which cells of the body multiply uncontrollably and form tumours.  Cancer is…

Q: Which of the following represents the correct order of steps leading to the development of malignant…

A: In cancer, cells grow abnormally. Cancer is not one disease. It is a group of diseases. The…

Q: Discuss the interplay between genetics and environment in the development of cancer (it would be…

A: Research on several diseases have found that the cause of diseases are not only environmental or…

Q: Which of the following statements describing mutations causing cancer is false? Group of answer…

A: Mutation refers to  any change in base sequence  of DNA. Mutagen is physical or chemical agent that…

Q: Cells can become cancerous for many reasons. Regardless of how they become cancerous, the same…

A: The number of cells in a tissue is determined by the balance between the cell division and the cell…

Q: The ABC gene undergoes multiple gene duplication events, producing multiple copies of this gene in…

A: (Note: Kindly note that, since you have added multiple questions, we are only able to answer one…

Q: Most cancers arise from mutations result from decades of exposure to carcinogens, cancer- causing…

A: 1. Cancer is an abnormal condition by which a particular cell grows and divides rapidly and loses…

Q: Unlike many other diseases, the vast majority of cancers in humans are not transmissible - meaning a…

A: Cancer is "referred" to as any abnormal growth of cell tissue. Cancer can develop anywhere in the…

Q: A 6-year old Caucasian girl from northern Europe, with a family history of melanoma, has recently…

A: Melanoma is a kind of cancer affecting the melanocytes (cells that control pigmentation of the…

Q: The p53 gene is a tumor-suppressor gene while Ras is a proto-oncogene. Mutation in either one can…

A: Tumor suppressor genes are the genes that are involved in various checkpoints in the cell cycle,…

Q: 1. The diagrams (A and B) below represent the two common types of cancer genes; one diagram…

A: Genetic material is nothing but the sequence of nucleic acids which is called as DNA. It contains…

Q: Select the statements that accurately describe different ways that translocations could lead to…

A: Answer-  (A) A translocation breaks up the sequence of a gene for a protein that stimulates…

Q: Many of the mutations in cancer samples are not necessarily driver mutations, but rather passenger…

A: Hematologic childhood cancer can develop in any part of the body, including the blood and lymph…

Q: Acquired mutation in the p53 gene is the most common genetic alteration found in human cancer (> 50%…

A: The correct option is F. Transcription factor

Q: Both genes and environmental factors contribute to cancer. Prostate cancer is 39 times more common…

A: Prostate is a walnut-sized gland present between the bladder and penis in front of the rectum. It is…

Q: Explain why familial breast cancer shows a dominant pattern of inheritance in a pedigree even though…

A: Introduction  Cancer is well known disease now a day. In US, 1 in 2 women and 1 in 3 men develops…

Q: J.F. is a 26-year-old woman in the clinic today for her annual physical examination. As you take her…

A: Introduction, Breast cancer: Breast cancer is breast tissue-related cancer. Signs may involve a lump…

Q: Tumor suppressor proteins can assist in slowing down the cell cycle under appropriate conditions. In…

A: Mutation can be classified in many ways - like point mutations are substitutions, frameshift…

Q: Of the following choices a loss of function mutation would most lukely contribute to cancer onset if…

A: Normal DNA contains a particular sequence of DNA. If the sequence of DNA is changed due to external…

Q: Which of the following chromosomal changes would be LEAST likely to cause the development of cancer?…

A: Cancer is a condition where cells in a specific part of the body grow and reproduce uncontrollably.…

Q: There are three general categories of effects resulting from exposure to low doses of radiation.…

A: Radiations caused by nuclear accidents are of great concern to the health and life of the people…

Q: Which of the following statements about cancer is correct? A. Cancer stem cells can make tumors…

A: Cancer is a disease that occurs when the cells in the body start dividing abnormally. They go out of…

Q: A researcher is studying the effects of a novel cancer drug on cell division and comparing the new…

A: Mitotic index It is defined as the ratio of the total number of cells of a specific population that…

Q: A tumor suppressor gene (TSG) codes for a protein that is part of the system that regulates cell…

A: Normal genes that halt cell division or fix DNA errors are known as tumor suppressor genes. Such…

Q: Any permanent change to the structure of DNA is considered a mutation. A somatic cell mutation…

A: Ans. 1 Heritable mutation: A change in the genetic material that is incorporated into every cell…

Q: Gene therapy can potentially cure cancer! What is NOT true about this process?   This treatment has…

A: ANSWER;- e) Gene therapy can cure cancer in a short amount of time (days or weeks) Explain;- it…

Q: Which of the following effectively describes the situation of someone with an inherited…

A: Breast cancer is a condition in which abnormal cells in the breast grow uncontrolled, resulting in a…

Q: Surgery remains a mainstay in the treatment of many forms of cancer, but it is no longer used in…

A: The statement is False.

Q: during tumor progression, additional mutations occur within multiple cells of a tumor population,…

A: Tumor progression is a phase of tumor development which is characterized by increased growth speed…

Q: Bloom Syndrome Bloom syndrome is a rare genetic disorder. It is characterized by short stature and…

A: The copying of DNA to make more DNA is known as DNA replication, Watson and Crick proposed that each…

Q: Genetic tests that detect mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 tumor-suppressor genes are widely…

A: Answer: Introduction: The genes like the breast cancer 1 (BRCA1) and breast cancer 2 (BRCA2) genes…

Q: Tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes are implicated in carcinogenesis. However, one can predict…

A: Oncogene is a gene that is responsible for the formation of cancer cells in the body. Mostly the…

Q: What is the most likely reason for a heterogeneous genetic makeup of a tumor that arises from a…

A: the answer is given in next step.

Q: RCA1 is a tumor suppressor gene. BRCA1* is the symbol for the non-mutant or wild-type form of the…

A: BRCA1 mutations are also linked to a higher risk of triple-negative breast cancer, which is a very…

Q: Which of the following is an enabling characteristic for cancer that can increase the likelihood of…

A: The somatic mutations in the genome of a cancer cell, irrespective of their structural nature, can…

Q: Most inherited forms of cancer show a dominant pattern of inheritance in a pedigree. An example is a…

A: BRCA-1 gene is associated with breast cancer which is located on the chromosome-17. This gene was…