Which of the following correctly describes the path of fluid flow in the kidney?

Q: Identify the characteristics of a countercurrent mechanism,and explain its role in concentrating the…

A: The characteristic of the countercurrent mechanism is that this mechanism serves to create a…

Q: Explain how antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is dependent upon the concentration gradient in the medulla…

A: The urinary system in humans comprises a pair of kidneys, each of which are present on the left and…

Q: Kidney stones are calcium-rich crystals that form inside the kidney. What symptoms would you expect…

A: Kidney stones are small stones within the kidneys. Stones that get lodged into ureter are known as…

Q: Describe how the central nervous system is involved in the micturition reflex.

A: Micturition or urination is the process of urine excretion from the urinary bladder. Nerve centres…

Q: Why do urinary casts  typically form in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting ducts of…

A: Urinary casts are small, tube-like structures that can form in the urine when certain conditions are…

Q: Diabetes insipidus (DI) is a condition where the action of antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin) is…

A: It's a disorder in which there is absolute/relative lack of anti diuretic hormone(ADH) which leads…

Q: Urine creatinine: 180 mg/dL . Plasma creatinine:   2.3 mg/dL  . Urine output: 1.6 mL/mi Creatinine…

A: Use the formula provided to calculate Creatinine Clearance (C):C = (Urine Creatinine × Urine Flow…

Q: List some of the factors that affect the daily urine volume.

A: The kidneys are two bean-shaped organs. The urine is a clear, transparent liquid by-product that is…

Q: The opening indicated by the black arrow indicates a 'fenestra' or pore within the glomerular…

A: We know that Capillaries are very small and thin blood vessels that are surrounded by endothelium in…

Q: Write the equation for the calculation of net filtration pressure (NFP), and explain the meaning of…

A: Calculation for Net filtration pressure: NFP = GBPH -[CHP+BCOP] NFP= Net Filtration pressure.  GBPH=…

Q: For NUMBERS 71-80, decide how the following conditions would affect the physiology of the Urinary…

A: Urine is the transparent, yellowish, acidic fluid, with a characteristic pungent odour, that…

Q: What constituent of urine precipitate under alkaline condition? Acidic condition?

A: Normal urine is found to be pale yellow in color and has an aromatic odor. The chemical composition…

Q: List the factors that obstruct Urinary flow?

A: The process by which the metabolic waste products are totally or partially eliminated from the body…

Q: What chemical substances normally are present in urine?

A: Normal human urine is formed of water (nearly 96%), organic wastes (2.5%), inorganic salts (1.5%),…

Q: Describe the composition and properties of normal urine

A: Urine is a metabolic waste product produced by the kidneys and released naturally through urination…

Q: Explain how to calculate the net filtration pressure.

A: Glomerular filtration is a process performed by the kidneys to filter the waste products and excess…

Q: Which three electrolytes are most closely regulated by the kidney?

A: The kidneys are the most crucial organ of the excretory system. It is vital for maintaining the…

Q: Define and briefly describe the three steps required for micturition to occur.

A: The urinary system is a vital body organ system comprised of various organs like kidneys, ureters,…

Q: A general principle of physiology is that structure is a determinant of—and has coevolved…

A: The renal corpuscle is principally responsible for filtering the blood. The renal corpuscle…

Q: In the urinary system, list and describe three pressures operating at the filtration membrane, and…

A: The urinary system consists of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. The goal of the urinary…

Q: Which of the following sequences gives the correct order for urine formation? Group of answer…

A: The transparent yellowish, acidic fluid, with a characteristic pungent odour, that contains the…

Q: foods or substances that can change the volume of a normal urine?

A: Urine is a liquid by-product of metabolism in many animals  and in humans. The path of urine flow is…

Q: With what the each capillary cluster in kidney is associated?

A: The kidneys are placed high in abdominal cavity one on the either side of spine and with slightly…

Q: is specific gravity (of urine) directly realted to urine output volume? like as one decreases the…

A: Specific gravity (SG) is the comparison of density of urine against the density of distilled water…

Q: Explain the formula for calculating the glomerular filtration rate.

A: Kidneys are vital organs responsible for blood filtration. They are bean-like structures in shape…

Q: An infant is born with narrowed renal arteries. What effect will this condition have on urine…

A: The kidneys are the functional units of the urinary system. The kidneys contain nephrons, which are…

Q: Which of these four hormones—angiotensin II, antidiuretic hormone, aldosterone, and atrial…

A: The brain and kidneys make the regulation of excretion of water from the body. When the blood volume…

Q: Urine is not about eliminating water accumulating directly in the urinary bladder.  It is instead a…

A: The management of fluid body composition is the kidney's main job. The kidney is the organ…

Q: An obstruction of a ureter by a kidney stone would interfere with the flow of urine between what two…

A: Obstruction of a ureter by a kidney stone means the ureters' blockage (the tubes that carry urine…

Q: Identify the three layers that surround the kidney from internal to external.

A: Kidneys are the excretory organs which are aimed to purify the blood from toxins, waste and excess…

Q: Discuss the differences in function of the two major capillary beds in the kidneys: the glomerular…

A: The urinary system is an important part of the human body. This system performs important functions…

Q: How are functions of the urinary system related to those of the cardiovascular system? Explain why…

A: The urinary system is also referred to as the renal system. It comprises of kidneys, ureters,…

Q: What are all possible factors that affect urine flow rate

A: Organs in the human excretory system make it easier to remove nitrogenous wastes from the body. The…

Q: The renal handling of a novel drug is being studied. When the drug is present in the blood, it is…

A: GivenDrug reabsorption is negligible.