Which of the following can serve as an "effector" in physiological feedback loops in animals? Group of answer choices a gland brain spinal cord olfactory receptor (smell receptor)

Q: Distinguish between innate and learned behavior. Explain how an experiment using optogenetics could…

A: 1.innate behaviorsautomatic, fixed, "built-in", no "learning curve"despite different environments,…

Q: The total force (crossbridge + titin strain) generated in an eccentric actomyosin crossbridge is O…

A: The total force (crossbridge+ titin strain) generated in an eccentric actomyosin crossbridge is…

Q: WHAT IS A NERVOUS SYSTEM? WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF A NERVOUS SYSTEM? WHAT ARE THE PARTS AND…

A: Since you have asked multiple questions in a single question without mentioning which one you want…

Q: Which of the following types of cells has the main function of carrying a signal from a sensory…

A: The nervous system is divided into two main parts: the central nervous system (CNS) and the…

Q: why would someone who has a damaged esophagous due to acid feel pain on his heart and back?…

A: GERD/Gastro-esophageal reflux disease- is one of the upper gastrointestinal diseases which is…

Q: How would your nervous system respond if you encounter a snake on a hiking trail? Group of answer…

A: Nervous system: It is a network of neurons, that controls all the voluntary and involuntary…

Q: After a leg injury, pain makes a person avoid putting too much weight on the affected leg. Shielding…

A: Pain sensation helps the organism to protect from the damaging stimuli. There are different…

Q: There is increasing scientific interest in the gut-brain axis, and the possibility of communication…

A: The gut-brain axis refers to the complex bidirectional communication between the gut microbiome (the…

Q: The role of the nervous system, as it relates to tactical performance, does which of the following?…

A: The nervous system is an important part of the system in our body. It is responsible for detecting…

Q: Which of the following would be an adequate stimulus for a mechanoreceptor?

A: A mechanoreceptor is one of the types of sensory receptors that primarily respond to mechanical…

Q: Capsaicin, the active ingredient in hot peppers, creates a burning sensation because it destroys…

A: Capsaicin, the active ingredient in hot peppers, creates a burning sensation because it binds and…

Q: by which living organisms are exposed to stimulus energies. by which bites of pizza enter the…

A: Introduction:  A stimulus is a change in the external or internal environment which brings about a…

Q: A scientist studying auditory transmission of low frequencies would take a recording from nerves at…

A: Introduction: Pressure waves are produced in the perilymph of the scala vestibuli of the cochlea by…

Q: Almost all neurons have Schwann cells where the cell receives stimuli Dendrites where process…

A: The nervous system is a complicated biological part made up of a network of many nerves. Signal…

Q: Snakes have a special pit organ that allows them to detect the heat of the animals they hunt. This…

A: Pit organ  Venomous snakes from the subfamily crotalinae commonly called pit vipers so called for…

Q: These sensory receptors when activated result in the movement of both calcium and sodiujm ions…

A: Sensory receptors play a key role in responding to stimuli. They can sense different sensations like…

Q: Please describe the synapses and sensory processes of an asian elephant

A: Nervous system is an essential part in governing the control as well as the coordination in the body…

Q: Auditory neural signals are sent when HAIR CELLS in our inner ears open ion channels along their…

A: The fluid that surrounds the hair cells, known as endolymph, is high in potassium. When the hair…

Q: n frogs, the segregation of ocular input to the tectum is mediated by eceptors and occurs AMPA;…

A: Like many animals, frogs largely rely on their vision to find their way about and find prey. Their…

Q: After a leg injury, pain makes a person avoid putting too much weight on the affected leg. Shielding…

A: An insect does not have time to heal; it could be eaten at any time. As a result, they don't need…

Q: What is the relationship between stimulus strength and the resulting action potential amplitude in a…

A: The correct answer to this question is option B i.e. increasing stimulus strength does not change…

Q: What is one organ, structure, sensory receptor that is present in an other animals and you wish you…

A: The vomeronasal organ triggers the flehmen response in some mammals and helps direct liquid organic…

Q: Below are three statements - two of which are truths and one is a lie. Which of the following…

A: Biology is the scientific study of living organisms and their essential processes. The field is…

Q: In a reflex response, such as if you touched a hot stove: O It involves decision making O It…

A: In order to generate a reflex, nerve impulses follow a path, and this path is known as the Reflex…

Q: What evolutionary advantage does tight oligodendrocyte myelination in the brain provide and which…

A: Myelination  It is a process through which brain oligodendrocytes create layers of myelin that wrap…

Q: The brain’s somatosensory cortex does not consist of neurons that receive information equally from…

A: The brain's somatosensory cortex does not consist of neurons that receive unequal information from…

Q: Which of the following proteins can be used in optogenetic system? O A. OptoXR, an engineered…

A: Introduction: The optogenetic system is used to control cell activity using light in a specific way.…

Q: Diagram a generalized sensory receptor cell and showhow it changes its firing rate in response to…

A: Stimuli in defined as an environment that activates specialized receptors in the peripheral nervous…

Q: Homeostasis, as currently defined, is a self-regulating process by which biological systems maintain…

A: Homeostasis is self regulating process . It maintains mainly the internal body environment in a…

Q: Indicate whether each of the following is an example of sensory transduction or transmission.

A: Sensory transduction means the process of conveying sensory signals to the electrical signals.…

Q: How does lidocaine cause numbness when injected? destroys pain receptors  repolarizes sensory…

A: Lidocaine is a local anesthetic. It works by impeding nerve signals in the body. Lidocaine topical…

Q: Thermal receptors are :-a- slowly adapting receptorsb- rapidly adapting receptorsc- biphasic…

A: Thermal receptors are specialized type of nerve cells that detect the differences in the temperature…

Q: Describe sensory adaptation and then give one example of a case in which one might interpret this to…

A: Sense organs are the organs that are connected with the sensory neurons which detect any stimulus in…

Q: Which of the following defines the interneurons?   Neurons that are excited by a specific…

A: Neurons are nerve cells that relay information to other nerve cells, muscle cells, and gland cells.…

Q: 1) The olfactory receptor neurons in frogs resemble those of mammals, in that they express olfactory…

A: We can see in the data in the chart given in the question that the binding of an odorant molecule to…

Q: Which type of channel underlies sound transduction? O Mechanically-gated Na channels…

A: When an object vibrates, the sound is produced, which creates pressure waves (mechanical energy).…

Q: Suppose humans have 385 different odorant receptors. How many different odorants could a person…

A: The sensory system responsible for smell is known as the olfactory system. The system consists of…

Q: Receptor potential generates :-a- an electrotonic current which is transmitted along sensory fibers…

A: Given: Receptor potential generates :-a- an electrotonic current which is transmitted along sensory…

Q: In the disease myasthenia gravis, the human body makes—by mistake— antibodies to its own…

A: Myasthenia gravis is the weakening and degrading of the muscle. It affects the voluntary muscle. It…

Q: How does an action potential in the presynaptic neuron trigger a response in the postsynaptic…

A: Action potential refers to the fast, sudden, propagating, and transitory change in the resting…

Homeostasis

Homeostasis is a self-regulatory process through which different biological systems maintain constant internal environmental conditions to compensate for environmental changes. In human physiology, it is a process of self-regulating internal, chemical, and physical conditions at an optimal level for survival. The stability through homeostasis can be attained through dynamic equilibrium, in which there is a continuous change until it reaches its systemic conditions.