Which of the following best describes the detrimental result of ingestingEthanol before an athletic event?a. The alcohol would decrease muscle strength by altering the cellmembranes of muscle cells.b. The alcohol would cause the nervous system to become hyperactiveand theplayer would develop strength beyond human limits and wouldhurt other     players.c. The alcohol would cause bronchoconstriction and the player wouldnot be able to oxygenate their blood, thus, decreasing stamina.d. The alcohol would cause the player to urinate more than normal andincreasethe chances that the player would suffer from dehydration.

Caffeine lowers the heart rate by increasing rates of depolarization at the SA node   True False   Nicotine raises the heart rate because it stimulates the activity of the sympathetic neurons in medulla oblongata   True False   The Frank-Starling Law of the Heart states that the force of heart contraction is directly proportional to the initial length of the muscle fiber, within optimal limits of length   True False If the sarcomeres stretched beyond the optimal length, the force of contraction would go down, but that can potentially happen only during open heart surgery when the heart is not constrained by the pericardium, lungs, ribs and diaphragm.   True False It is the Na+ channel-driven spontaneous depolarization that is affected by sympathetic and parasympathetic inputs to speed up or slow down the firing rate of the SA node and other conductive cells.   True False

If one were to infuse lactate into the blood stream during exercise via an I.V. catheter, which of the following physiological events would be observed?    a. A significant increase in the burning sensation experienced in the lungs during rigorous exercise   b. A decrease in exercise time to exhaustion (fatigue faster)   c. An increase in liver gluconeogenic activity    d. All of the above    e. Only A and B are correct

When a patient has a severe allergic reaction, a common prescribed drug is epinephrine. Which of the follow best explains the effects of epinephrine on a patient experiencing a severe allergic reaction?   A epinephrine binds to the beta-1 receptor.  Activating the beta-1 receptor causes vasodilation and bronchoconstriction. Bronchoconstriction allows the patient to breath by relaxing the smooth muscle that is constricting the airway.  B Epinephrine binds to the beta-2 receptor. Activating the beta-2 receptor causes vasodilation and bronchodilation. Bronchodilation allows the patient to breath easier by relaxing the smooth muscle that is constricting the airway. C Epinephrine binds to the alpha-1 receptor. Activating the alpha-1 receptor causes vasodilation and bronchodilation. Bronchodilation allows the patient to breath by relaxing the smooth muscle that is constricting the airway.  D Epinephrine binds to the beta-1 receptor. Activating the beta-1 receptor causes vasodilation and…

During the 1988 Olympics, Ben Johnson, one of Canada's male sprinters, had his gold medal revoked after testing positive for performance-enhancing steroids. Discuss the health risks and social implication associated with this misuse. rv

Which of the following statements is true for Bohr effect:       a.   Bohr effect describes carbon monoxide poisoning.     b.   Bohr effect prevents oxygen binding to hemoglobin.     c.   Bohr effect allows effective oxygen discharge in tissues due to higher acidity (decreased pH) than in lungs.      d. Bohr effect allows effective oxygen discharge in tissues due to lower acidity (increased pH) than in lungs.

Asthma rescue inhalers are used when a person is having an asthma attack. The active ingredient is called a sympathomimetic, a substance that mimics the effects of the sympathetic nervous system. How would this help a person who is experiencing problems with breathing due to asthma? They bind to alpha receptors on blood vessels in the lungs. They bind to muscarinic receptors on airway smooth muscle.. The drug binds to beta 2 receptors on respiratory bronchiole smooth muscle. They bind to nicotinic receptors on airways in the lungs.