Which of the following are criteria for antibiotics? (select all that apply) Chemical substance produced by a microbe Kills viruses Stops the growth or kills other microorganisms Effective in small doses

Most hospitals use hand sanitizers that claim to “kill 99.99% of illness causing germs”. What are some possible reasons that 0.01% of germs (germs = microorganisms and viruses) not affected by hand sanitizer? (In your answer, you should state what hand sanitizer is made of, and the mechanism by which it kills “germs”.

Draw the bacteria cell and indicate all the drug target in the bacteria cell and which drugs are able to attack each part.

Do not use Ai and chatgpt

briefly describes an example of how a unique cell structure of a microbe could be a target for either: Antibiotics (not penicillin or its derivatives) Immune system Viral infection

What is selective toxicity in the context of antibiotic chemotherapy? Support your answer with examples.

Which of the following is NOT true about Koch's postulates? First developed by Robert Koch, the pioneering German microbiologist In the first step, the microbe that causes a naturally occurring disease is cultured from a "wild" (non-laboratory) animal which has that disease None of the other four answers (All are true about Koch's Postulates) They represent a process for showing a causal association between a specific microbe and a disease If the same microbe from a diseased "wild" (non-laboratory) host causes the same disease in a lab animal and it can be cultured from that lab animal, this proves that the microbe is the cause of the naturally occurring disease

Which microbes predictably cause NO negative effects when they are inside you?   Microbes that are only transmitted vertically.   All horizontally transmitted microbes.    Microbes that are transmitted horizontally with the involvement of a vector.   Microbes that are transmitted horizontally without the involvement of a vector.

List some Characteristics of the Ideal Antimicrobial Drug.

People once believed all microbial diseases would be controlled by the twenty-first century. Name at least two emerging infectious diseases. List three reasons why we are identifying new diseases now.