Which is true of strenuous, prolonged exercise?a. It results in an increase in plasma glucagon concentration.b. It results in an increase in plasma insulin concentration.c. Plasma glucose concentration does not change.d. Skeletal muscle uptake of glucose is inhibited.e. Plasma concentrations of cortisol and growth hormone both decrease.
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Which is true of strenuous, prolonged exercise?
a. It results in an increase in plasma glucagon concentration.
b. It results in an increase in plasma insulin concentration.
c. Plasma glucose concentration does not change.
d. Skeletal muscle uptake of glucose is inhibited.
e. Plasma concentrations of cortisol and growth hormone both decrease.
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- Which adipokine is expressed at higher levels in obese individuals? a. insulin b. growth hormone c. angiotensin II d. leptin e. follicle stimulating hormoneWhich of these dysfunctions of the endocrine system would most likely result in excess serum glucose? A. low secretion of insulin by the pancreas B. excess secretion of insulin by the pancreas C. low secretion of ADH by the pituitary D. excess secretion of ADH by the pituitaryndicate whether each of the following statements is true or false. If false, correct the statement or provide a briefexplanation for why it is false.a. Insulin increases the rate of glucose uptake by the tissues.b. Glucagon is the hormone that signals low blood glucose levels.c. The muscles can use glucose, fatty acids and ketone bodies for fuel.d. Epinephrine stimulates breakdown of glycogen in muscles when there is an immediate needfor energy by muscle cells.e. Glucagon stimulates glycogenolysis to maintain the blood glucose concentration.f. With high [carbohydrate] levels, excess glucose (after glycogen storage has reached amaximum) is converted to fat.g. The high potential electrons of NADH enter the respiratory chain at NADH-Q reductase.h. Ubiquinol (QH2) is also the entry point for electrons from NADH of flavoproteins.i. Cytochrome reductase catalyzes the transfer of electrons from cytochrome c to O2.
- Which of these statements about the hormone insulin is true? a.It is secreted by alpha cells in the pancreatic islets. b.It is secreted in response to a rise in blood glucose. c.It stimulates the production of glycogen and fat. d.Both a and b are true. e.Both b and c are true.The release of insulin from the pancreas is directly regulated by Select one: a. an increase in blood sugar levels b. a decrease in insulin levels c. a decrease in glucagon levels d. an increase in pancreas stimulating hormoneWhat is typically seen with biguanide use?A. Increased glucose uptake by muscle tissueA. Decreased basal insulin levelB. Decreased intestinal glucose absorption C. Gastrointestinal disturbancesD. Decreased lactate level
- Which hormone is responsible for direct activation of PEPCK by phosphorylation? a. prolactin b. glucagon c. parathyroid hormone d. insuluin-like growth factor 1 e. calcitriolWhen a person fasts for days or weeks the body must compensate by changing proteins (muscle) and fats (adipose) into glucose. What is the name of this homeostatic process and what hormone stimulates this process? A. glycogenolysis stimulated by insulin B. glucohydro-attenuation stimulated by adrenalin C. gluconeogenesis stimulated by cortisol D. carbo-redemtion stimulated by cortisol. Which of the following statements concerning insulin is NOT true? a. Insulin can increase glycogen synthesis. b. The presence of insulin can increase glucose uptake. c. Insulin can increase the secretion of epinephrine. d. It is secreted by the beta cell of pancreas. e. Glucose in blood can up-regulate the secretion of insulin.
- Grave's disease is caused by the overproduction of immunoglobulins that mimic the shape of TSH and thereby bind to the TSH receptors. What is the expected hormonal change to the overproduction of TSH mimicking immunoglobulins? a. a decrease in the production of TSH, leading to a decrease in the metabolic rate b. an increase in metabolic rate, leading to a decrease in the production of TRH c. a decrease in metabolic rate, leading to an increase in the production of TSH d. an increase in the production of TRH, leading to an increase in the metabolic rateHormone X appears to regulate the blood concentration of chemical Y via a negative feedback loop. a. Predict what happens to the secretion of hormone X when the blood concentration of chemical Y decreases. b. What effect will this likely have on the blood concentration of chemical Y?c. Predict what happens to the secretion of hormone X when the blood concentration of chemical Y increases.When does inhibition of gluconeogenesis occurs?a. when the insulin level is lowb. during prolonged starvationc. when insulin level is highd. when the glucagon level is high