Which form of fructose ,alpha or beta does take part in most biochemical reactions
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Which form of fructose ,alpha or beta does take part in most biochemical reactions
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- Ethyl alcohol is sometimes used in hospital emergency rooms to treat patients who have ingested radiator or gas-line antifreeze. A major chemical component of these products is methanol. The methanol itself is not especially harmful; however, it is transformed by enzymes called dehydrogenases to the very toxic substances, formaldehyde, and formic acid. Can you explain the biochemical principles behind this medical treatment?Most enzymes do not operate at their biochemical optima inside cells. Suggest why this is the case.Only a few amino acid residues are actually involved in catalysis in enzymes, yet enzymes are constructed of at least 100 amino acids, and often many more. Suggest some functions for the noncatalytic amino acids.
- The metabolic process in all living organisms are relative function of the molecular basic of the cell. Give a concise explanation.This image is showing the conformations of ubiquitin superimposed. What do the structures in this figure tell us about the dynamics of enzymes? Discuss the limitations of crystal structures in the analysis of proteins. What are the benefits? What are the advantages of NMR structures?Energetic of Fructose-1 ,6-bis P Hydrolysis (Integrates with Chapter 3.) The standard free energy change (G) for hydrolysis of fructose-1. 6-bisphosphate (FBP) to fructose-S-phosphate (F-6-P) and P: is -16.7 KJ/mol: FBP + H2O fructose-6-P + Pi The standard free energy change (G) for ATP hydrolysis is -30.5 KJ/mol: ATP + H2O ADP + Pj What is the standard free energy change for the phosphofructokinase reaction: ATP + fructose-6-P ADP + FBP b. What is the equilibrium constant for this reaction? c. Assuming the intracellular concentrations of [ATP] and (ADP] are maintained constant at 4 mM and 1.6 mM, respectively, in a rat liver cell, what will be the ratio of [FBP]/[fructose-6-P] when the phosphofructokinase reaction reaches equilibrium?
- Please fully explain (use illustrate where appropriate) the Modes of Enzyme Catalysis exemplified by the serine protease: Chymotrypsin. In your answer discuss employing the illustration whenever possible: the overall reaction mechanism, stability of the reaction transition state, proximity and orientation effects, acid-base catalysis, and covalent catalysis.Gout is a medical condition usually caused by a deficiency of the salvage enzyme hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase. Uric acid accumulates in the joints and causes pain, inflammation, and in advanced disease gouty tophi. Allopurinol, an inhibitor of the enzyme xanthine oxidase, is used to treat chronic gout. Explain briefly the biochemical basis for this treatment.Many biochemical reactions proceed slowly unless the energy barrier to the reaction is lowered. How is this accomplished in living systems?
- isoenzyme, specific enzyme activity, what is it? Briefly explain.What is the catalytic efficiency of Catalase ? Table. The values of KM and kcat for some Enzymes and Substrates Enzyme Carbonic anhydrase Substrate CO2 HCO3 KM (M) 1.2 x 10-2 2.6 x 10-2 Kcat (s-1) 1.0 x 106 4.0 x 105 Catalase H2O2 2.5 x 10-2 1.0 x 107 Urease Urea 2.5 x 10-2 4.0 x 105 O A. 4 x 108 M-s-1 O B. 4 x 108 M-1.s-1 OC25x 10-9 M-s1 D. 2.5 x 102 M-1.s-1 OE 1.0 x 107 s1Long explanations are not needed. Direct answers would suffice. ***kind of in a hurry so having the answer asap would greatly be appreciated, thank you :)) a. Which of the following is FALSE about sucrose? i. It is a non-reducing sugar. ii. It is the transport sugar in plants. iii. It is a disaccharide. iv. Its monosaccharide units are linked via glycosidic bond α1→β1. v. It is composed of glucose and fructose. b. How many carbon atoms are found in the smallest molecules that can be classified as carbohydrates? i. 5 ii. 2 iii. 1 iv. 4 v. 3