Which do you think would be more harmful to the economy—an inflation rate that averages 5 percent a year that has a high standard deviation or an inflation rate of 7 percent that has a standard deviation close to zero?

ENGR.ECONOMIC ANALYSIS
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Chapter1: Making Economics Decisions
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1. Which do you think would be more harmful to the economy—an inflation rate that averages 5 percent a year that has a high standard deviation or an inflation rate of 7 percent that has a standard deviation close to zero? 

2.  Suppose a major bank needs to borrow $20 billion overnight that it cannot obtain from private creditors. The Fed is willing to make a discount loan of $20 billion provided that it will not alter the aggregate supply of reserves to the banking system. How can it do so?

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