which are Communication between neurons is mediated by rapid changes in propagated along the length of axonal membranes. These rapid changes are referred to as action potentials; membrane potentials stimuli; action potentials energy; RMPs membrane potential; action potentials
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- A True OUTSIDE CELL This cell is at rest. False INSIDE CELL C D T EThe following concentrations of Na+ and K+ ions: [Na+]o = 120 mM, [Na+]i = 6 mM,[K+]o = 2 mM, and [K+]i = 150 mM. Assuming that the further at the peak of the action potential, PK: PNa is 1 : 12. Calculate (Vm) at the peak of the action potentialA membrane potential (Vm) labeled axis on the graph In the graph draw the phases of the action potential Include the channels involved and when they open and close matching them to the Vm Indicate the periods in which the action potential can or cannot occur
- In the above diagram, letter C represents: A voltage-gated K+ channel A leaky Na+ channel A leaky K+ channel A voltage-gated Na+ channelActivation of which pathway leads to a disinhibition of the thalamus and increased cortical activation? Basal nuclei D Cortex I GABA - Glutamate - Dopamine Striatum C B GPe A GPi/SNr SNC STN GPI/SNr Thalamus O Both B and C O B O A E LK C Fn AltGraph an action potential, showing the change inelectrical potential on the y-axis and time on the x-axis.Indicate on the graph the phases when voltage-gated Na1 andK1 ion channels are opened and when they are closed
- Membrane Potential (mV) +35 0 -50 -70 0 A B C | 2 Time (milliseconds) 3 E 4 Use the figure showing phases of the action potential to answer the following question. Most of the voltage-gated sodium channels become open at label ____, and become inactivated at labelThe traces below show the action potential waveforms in an external meidum of different concentrations of * 40 100% 50% 33% 40 1 2 time (msec) calcium chloride potassium O sodiumAction potential +40 55 Threshold Falled initiations Resting state -70 Stimulus 1 Refractory period Time (ms) At the peak of the action potential, which of the following are true? Select all that apply the membrane potential is close to but less that the K+ equilibrium potential |voltage gated K+ channels close voltage gated K+ channels open the membrane potential is close to but less that the Na+ equilibrium potential Voltage (mV) Depolarization Repolarization
- Graph of membrane potential versus time The graph above represent time in milliseconds. At what time (in milliseconds) is the inside of the neuron the most positive and why? Explain why the membrane potential changes at X. Explain what is happening at point C to the sodium and potassium ions and how this is affecting the membrane potential. Describe two things that contribute to the resting membrane potential.Draw the current that you would expect to flow during a voltage clamp experiment on a typical neuron. Voltages and time course are shown. Briefly explain why the currents are inward or outward. Be sure to provide scale bars. You should definitely label the Y axis so that the peak current value is obvious. Draw the Na+ current you would expect if there were physiological ionic gradients. Draw the K+ current you would expect if there are physiological ionic gradients. Draw the K+ current you would expect if the bath solution and the intracellular solution are both 125 mM.Which of the following are TRUE, when describing the Action Potential of a Non- Contractile Cardiac Pacemaker cell? Select ALL that are true. O Resting membrane potential is more polarized than in neurons, because of more Leakage channels for K+. Progressive Na+ channel (the "funny current", iNa) opening, activates a Transient Voltage Sensitive (T-type) Ca++ channel. Together these channels depolarize the membrane and activate Voltage-Sensitive Long-acting (L-Type) Ca++ channel. The resulting depolarization, closes the "funny" current and T-type Ca++ channels. O Action Potential depolarization, resulting from the Voltage-Activated Na+ channel, triggers Voltage-Sensitive Long-acting (L-Type) Ca++ channel. OMembrane depolarization triggers Voltage-Activated K+ channels (Delayed Rectifier) to open. Increasing K+ permeability and repolarizing the membrane. When the membrane polarizes to -60 mv, the Delayed Rectifier closes and a progressive Na+ channel (the "funny current", iNa) opens. The…