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8. Where can you find linked genes?
A. same chromosome of two different cells
B. different chromosome of the same shape
C. different chromosome of the same size
D. same chromosome of an organism
Step by step
Solved in 2 steps
- 1. Construct a map of a chromosome containing 4 genes. Some of the distances between these genes are listed below. The distance between genes R and C is 10 units The distance between genes C and P is 13 units The distance between genes P and R is 3 units The distance between genes S and C is 18 units The distance between genes S and R is 8 units SPRC D. What two genes would likely have the most recombination events between them? S and C P and R E. What two genes would likely have the fewest recombination events between them? F. How many units are between S and P?1. Which changes in chromosome structure cause a change in the total amount of genetic material, and which do not? 2. How does a chromosomal duplication occur? 3. An inversion heterozygote has the following inverted chromosome: B What would be the products if a crossover occurred between the genes F and E on the inverted chromosome and the normal chromosome? 4. An individual has the following reciprocal translocation: с D Centromere A B JI HGF ED CKLM Inverted region с D What would be the outcome of alternate segregation, adjacent -1 segregation and adjacent-2 segregation? 5. Two phenotypically unaffected parents produce two children with familial Down syndrome. Regarding chromosome 14 and 21, what are the chromosomal composition of the parents? 6. Explain how aneuploidy, deletions and duplications cause genetic imbalances. 7. Why do you think that deletions and monosomies are more detrimental than duplications and trisomies? 8. Describe some of the advantages of polyploid plants. 9.…6 The following diagram represents two nonhomologous chromosomes: AB • C D EFG R S •TU V w X What type of chromosome mutation would produce each of the following chromosomes? a. A B. C D R S •TU V W X E FG b. A U V B. C DE F G R S • T W X с. А В TUVFG R S C D EW X CW G R S •T'U V D E F X d. A B . 7 A chromosome has the following segments, where • represents the centromere: AB •C DE F G What types of chromosome mutations are required to change this chromosome into each of the following chromosomes? (In some cases, more than one chromosome mutation may be required.) a. A BA B • C D E F G Б. А В • C DE ABFG с. А В. CFEDG d. A • C DE FG e. A B• CDE ED C FG BADE F G f. AB g. C . h. A B i. A B • C D E F C DFEG • CFE DFEDG
- 14. The gene frequency between genes are as follows: d and e is 12%; e and f is 6%; f and d is 3%; d and g is 7%; e and g is 22%; and f and g is 12%. What is the sequence of the genes in a chromosome? A. efdg B. fgde C. egfd D. edgf10. A. In each human female cell, either the maternal or paternal X chromosomes is turned off by the activation of the XIST gene and by adding methyl groups to the chromosome. What do we call the inactivated X chromosome? B. How many Barr bodies does a normal male have? C. If a phenotypic male has a Barr body, then what does this tell you about his chromosomes? D. If a phenotypic female does not have a Barr body, then what does this tell you about her chromosomes? E. Barr bodies are formed during embryonic development when the human embryo is a small ball of cells. Once an X chromosome is turned off in a cell, every descendent of that cell will have the same X chromosome turned off. This results in human females being a mosaic of two kinds of cells. What does the word mosaic mean in this case?8. LL gnus have a long lifespan, so they become old gnus. 1l gives normal lifespan. The NN gnus watch the news. nn gnus play videogames instead. Finally, BB gnus drink booze. bb gnus drink water. But all you have to do here is map the genes: a) right order, and include any relevant distances between any linked genes. Draw a map showing which genes are on which chromosomes, in the Phenotype n1 b Number 404 NL B 422 b) what it tells you. What is the formula for the coefficient of coincidence? Or, describe n L B 18 N1b 16 с) Calculate the coefficient of coincidence. n L b 75 N1B 59 n1 B NL b 4 2 Total 1000
- 17. The diagram below shows two chromosomes, M and N, before and after a chromosomal mutation. The form of mutation that takes place is Before mutation After mutation M N M N Gene x Gene y Gene y- - Gene x O a. deletion O b. duplication O c. inversion O d. translocation1. Construct a map for the genes d,e,f. Assume that: d and e = 3%; e and f = 5%. Give 2 arrangements of the genes/maps.The diagram below illustrates the results of electrophoresis of DNA sequences obtained from a family of two adults and three children, and amplified using PCR. The bands represent short repeating sequences of variable length. Results for another female (X) are included for comparison. Father Mother Child Child Child X 1 2 3 Origin―
- 7. In gene therapy an attempt is made to transfer a "normal" gene into the cells of a person who lacks copies of the "normal" gene. Why would scientists and the government be more receptive to somatic gene therapy than to germline gene therapy? 8. Answer the following questions for the two following pedigrees In Pedigree A, is the red highlighted trait dominant or recessive? Why? а. b. What is the genotype of individual C? In Pedigree B, is the red highlighted trait dominant or recessive? Why? а. d. What is the genotype of individual D? Pedigree A Pedigree B :mele =foncle I fenole toffected effected 9. Make a pedigree for each of the following situations. For each individual, write the individual's genotype (when possible) next to the individual's symbol (e.g. O x*Y, Gg): a. Two parents do not have cystic fibrosis and they have a daughter with cystic fibrosis and a son who does not have cystic fibrosis. The daughter grows up and she mates with a male who does not have cystic fibrosis.…7. The following diagram shows 2 pairs of autosomal chromosomes in a karyotype of a biological woman. Based on the karyotype, a genetic counsellor determined that there is evidence that a translocation occurred between two non-homologous chromosomes. The other 21 pairs of chromosomes are NOT shown in this diagram. Assume no chromosomal aberrations occurred in the other chromosomes. As a student-researcher, the genetic counsellor asks you if you can determine whether the translocation occurred in a somatic cell, germ-line cell, or whether this can even be determined from the figure? Provide an answer and the reasoning for your answer. D24. Which of the following is CORRECTLY MATCHED? * a. Translocation – chromosome attaches to another chromosome b. Insertion – extra nucleotides inserted to DNA sequence c. Inversion – part of chromosome 5p is deleted d. Duplication – extra copy of gene is repeated