When viruses flourish and grow in the bloodstream, this is referred to as a. viremia. c. septicemia. b. endocemia. d. serocemia.

Q: How does HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) lead to AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome)/lead…

A: Human immunodeficiency viruses causes AIDS.This is the condition where gradual failure of immune…

Q: A patient with a _______ titer of antibodies to an infectious agentgenerally has greater protection…

A: The human immune system has antibodies against specific antigenic targets. These antibodies act upon…

Q: This chemical is released by virus-infected cells to decrease the spread of virus to nearby cells.…

A: Virus-infected cells release certain chemicals that work as immunity protection against viruses. It…

Q: Researchers have developed mouse models for autism. In an experiment, they introduced Bacteroides…

A: Introduction :-  Autism is a developmental disability. It can cause significant social,…

Q: Once Tfh cells have been activated against vaccine delivered intramuscularly which Constant (C)…

A: There are five classes of immunoglobulin or antibodies. All these antibodies have variable and…

Q: The human immunodeficiency virus has a preference forinfectinga. B lymphocytes.b. cytotoxic T…

A: The human immunodeficiency virus has a preference forinfecting

Q: Prior to entry, the _________ glycoprotein of the HIV virus recognizes the ______ receptor on the…

A: Step 1 Human immunodeficiency virus or HIV is a rounded enveloped retrovirus with a core having two…

Q: Why are encapsolated bacteria generally more pathogenic than un-capsolated strains. a. Because…

A: The capsule is a layer of polysaccharide found outside the cell envelope of bacteria.  Capsule gives…

Q: Although interferons have several effects, they are particularly useful against infections with…

A: Answer is b.)  viruses.

Q: Which of the following is NOT a surface barrier serving as the first line of defense? a. mucus b.…

A: The body is protected from pathogens by various antipathogenic mechanisms going on in the various…

Q: Predict how each of the following could reducehost resistance to infection:a. bone marrow damageb.…

A: Host resistance is widely characterized as the ability of the host to reduce the stress of the…

Q: Viruses that cause serious diseases in infants are ........... and ............. a. mumps,…

A: A virus is a very small submicroscopic agent that is known for causing infections in its host…

Q: Bacterial capsules a. kill phagocytes b. prevent engulfment by phagocytes  c. prevent the…

A: The capsule is referred to as a pathogenicity since it increases bacteria's potential to produce…

Q: Identify the mismatched pair. a. CXCR4: lymphocyte tropic b. exogenous retrovirus: originates…

A: C-X-C is a chemokine receptor type iv (CXCR-4) is also commonly referred to as CD184 or fusion. This…

Q: Invading bacteria are recognized by neutrophils, which engulf the bacteria and form a packet within…

A: Neutrophils comprises of around 40% to 70% of the WBC(white blood cells). These are the most…

Q: Correct folding of newly made proteins is made possible by A. Calnexin B. BiP/Grp78 C. All of the…

A: The correct options are given below with explanation

Q: The immunoglobulin that can cross placenta is: a. IgG b. IgE c. IgD d. IgM

A: Immunoglobulins are antibodies produced by the plasma cells in the body as a response to antigens.…

Q: Severe combined immunodeficiency A. can be induced by exposure to strong radiation. B. is an example…

A: Severe combined immunodeficiency is a rare disorder characteristiced by mutations in genes of the…

Q: Sumarize the key difference in the invasion of cells by; a. HIV b. Adenovirus c.Anthrax d.…

A: A virus is an extremely small organism made up of a collection of genetic code and surrounded by a…

Q: In polymicrobial pulmonary infection, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia secretes a compound which…

A: The question is asking us to identify the biological process that is being described. In this…

Q: Which of the following is not an arthropod vector of rickettsioses?a. mosquito b. louse c. tick d.…

A: Taxonomically Rickettsia belongs to the order Rickettsiales and Rickettsiaceae family which is…

Q: a cytokint storm is an overproduction of immune cells and their activating compounds- cytokines can…

A: Cytokine storm or hypercytokinemia is the physiological response of an animal's innate immunity…

Q: When virus enters into our body, many cells acquire antiviral state due to: a Acquiring resistance…

A: When virus enters our body many cells acquire antiviral state due to INTERFERON PRODUCTION (e)

Q: Unlike inflammation, fever is a(n). immune response. A. cellular B. localized C. adaptive D.…

A: Immune system contains a group of antibodies, phagocytes and other barriers which protect the body…

Q: Viral antigens appear on the surface of the infected cell in association with which of the following…

A: Answer is d.)MHC-II complex.

Q: 1.) Which of the following are criteria for antibiotics? ( Select all that apple) A. Kill viruses B.…

A: An antibiotic is essentially a kind of antimicrobial agent effective against bacteria. It is a vital…

Q: In a recent influenza epidemic, physicians were utilizing a rapid diagnostic test to determine which…

A: Influenza It is a viral infection caused by influenza virus. This virus infects the respiratory…

Q: Indicate whether each of the following statements is true (T) or false (F). a. An unsubstantiated…

A: A virus is an infectious microbe consisting of a segment of nucleic acid (either DNA or RNA)…

Q: All of the following statements about polioviruses are correct except _____. a. Poliovirus…

A: Poliovirus is the causative agent of poliomyelitis, also known as polio. It is a human enterovirus…

Q: Which pertains to the immune response of a woman who has just inhaled a coronavirus to which she has…

A: Corona virus are a group of RNA viruses which causes disease in mammals and birds. They usually…

Q: Which of the following is a trait that both HPV and HIV share? A.Both have an RNA genome B.Both…

A: HPV and HIV both integrate into the host genome to affect the host.

Q: If you get stung by a bee, the skin around the bite will swell. Explain the process thatcproduced…

A: Bee is an arthopod which can secret harmful poison via stinging. This can be mild or can be lethal(…

Q: 49 50 QUESTION 42 Example of an autoimmune disease a. lupus O b. cancer O C. common cold d. none of…

A: Autoimmune disorders are the disorder or a disease condition in which the immune system attacks the…

Q: A young child is hospitalized with recurring bacterial infections, although she appears to make…

A: Humoral immune deficiencies are the conditions which are caused by the impairment of humoral…

Respiratory Infections

Respiratory infections are infectious diseases of the respiratory tract that are mostly caused by bacteria and viruses. They cause infections of the throat, sinuses, airway path, and lungs. Respiratory infections are typically divided into two types: upper tract respiratory infection and lower tract respiratory infection.