When it comes to the web stack that powers the Internet of Things, what functions do UDP and IPV6 serve? What are the key differences between a sensor's static and dynamic IP assignments

Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) is a suite of protocols that controls the way information travels from location to location across a network or the Internet. The protocols perform a wide array of functions. From the perspective of penetration testing, why is it important to understand TCP/IP and the layers of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model?

In the case of IPv6 tunneling over IPv4 routers, it has been said that IPv6 treats the IPv4 tunnels as link-layer protocols. Do you agree with the statements made here? What is the reason for this or why is it not?

Can you tell me how many IPv4 addresses there are in total? The lifespan of IPv4 addresses has been extended because to Network Address Translation (NAT) (NAT). Should IPv6 be used universally? Is the use of IPv6 essential to the creation of some cutting-edge technology?