When does a system typically reach the end of its useful lifecycle?

20 g of air undergoes a closed cycle, illustrated in Figure Q2, which consists of the following 3 processes: 1-2 Constant pressure heat rejection. 2-3 Constant volume heat addition. 3-1 Isothermal expansion back to the original conditions. P (kPa) 75 1 V (m') 0.025 0.04 Figure Q2: Three process cycle Given that Rair = 287 J/kg-K, and Cy = 718 J/kg-K, and assuming ideal gas conditions throughout: (a) Determine the temperatures at points 1, 2 and 3, and the pressure at point 3. (b) Determine the work during each process, and the net work from the cycle. (c) Determine the heat transferred during each process. (d) Verify that this is a cycle.

Thermodynamics II

Steam Transmission Liquid (c) When the steam in the piston-cylinder assembly expands, the transmission converts the piston motion to rotary motion of a paddlewheel that stirs a viscous liquid. The principal source of irreversibility is