What two roles does water play during acetal hydrolysis? nucleophile and base nucleophile and acid base and leaving group O acid and leaving group

Define central relationship between nucleophilicity and basicity in comparing two nucleophiles?

Why aldehydes and ketones do not undergo nucleophilic substitution reaction?

When trichloroacetaldehyde is dissolved in water, almost all of it is converted to the hydrate. Chloral hydrate, the product of the reaction, is a sedative that can be lethal. A cocktail laced with it is known—in detective novels, at least—as a “Mickey Finn.” Explain why an aqueous solution of trichloroacetaldehyde is almost all hydrate.

Draw structures for the carbonyl electrophile and enolate nucleophile.

Draw the line angle diagram of two different functional groups that act as nucleophiles under acidic conditions. Write the names of the functional groups under each structure.

Why is it important that we are very careful in how much acid is added to neutralize the reaction? (Only pick one answer) If the solution becomes very acid it can be harmful to the skin Too much acid will increase vanillyl alcohols water solubility and inhibit crystal formation Too much acid will decrease vanillyl alcohols water solubility and inhibit crystal formation Excess acid will deprotonate the vanillyl alcohol and inhibit crystal formation

Question 13 of 17 Identify the best reagents to complete the following reaction. 1. PhNa A 2. Hao* 1. PHCH2MGBR B 2. H3o* 1. PhMgBr C 2. H3O* 1. H3O* D 2. PhMgBr PhMgBr Но Done

a) Draw all resonance forms of 3-hydroxybenzaldehyde and of the corresponding conjugate base. W hich conclusions can you draw for its acidity (pKa) in comparison to phenol?| b) Draw all resonance forms of 3-hydroxybenzaldehyde and of the corresponding conjugate base. Which conclusions can you draw for its acidity (pKa) in comparison to phenol and 3-hydroxybenzaldehyde? c) Discuss the relative acidities of 2-hydroxybenzaldehyd und 4-hydroxybenzaldehyd.

What will happen if a carboxylic acid reacts with a Grignard reagent? Draw and explain the mechanism.