What scientific development was a crucial initial step to enhancing our knowledge of virus structure? A.) Development of new microscopy stains. B.) Invention of the electron microscope. C.) Development of DNA sequencing techniques.  D.) Discovery of antibiotics. E.) Publication of Koch's postulates.

Q: 17) What gives Aspergillus sydowii colonies their hairy appearance? a) Hyphae () b) Stipes c)…

A: Aspergillus sydowii is a pathogenic fungus that causes several diseases in humans.   Polymerase…

Q: Describe how would you determine the following using a real-time PCR instrument. A) The quantity and…

A: PCR - Polymerase chain reaction is a process of making many copies of any specific DNA sample or…

Q: Answer the following regarding the varicella-zoster virus: a) the biology of the virus ( type:…

A: Varicella-zoster virus is the virus responsible for causing chickenpox and herpes zoster. Primary…

Q: 16) Bacterial DNA replication is said to be: a) Linear b) curvilinear c) circular d) exponential e)…

A: 16) Bacterial DNA replication is said to be circular. This is because bacterial DNA is organized in…

Q: A vaccine that employs a toxoid is based upon a ______. A) antibody B) attenuated virus C) histamine…

A: A vaccination is a pharmacological substance that enhances a person's resistance to specific…

Q: 1) Which of the following are referred to as retrotransposons? a) VNTRS b) SINES c) LINES d) STRS 2)…

A: As per our honor code, we are authorized to answer only one question at a moment. So, we are…

Q: A) B) C) D) E) 8) List 5 ways that the current novel coronavirus and the disease it causes differs…

A: The coronavirus, also known as COVID-19, is a respiratory illness caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. It…

Q: Which statement(s) indicates one or more benefits of electroporation? A.) Possibility of…

A: Electroporation The method of making hybrid DNA in cells.

Q: The Shingles virus causes infections in adult patients years after they have experienced chicken pox…

A: Virus is a microscopic organism which contains a protective coat and the nucleic acid. It doesn’t…

Q: Which of the following is true about plasmids?a) They are present in all organismsb) They are…

A: A plasmid is circular, extrachromosomal, small piece of DNA present in the cytoplasm that is…

Q: Why must a new flu vaccine be manufactured annually? A.) The flu causes mutations in the host cell…

A: Introduction  We are surrounded by various pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungus etc. Every…

Q: When Wimmer and coworkers announced that they had synthesized the poliovirus, they created…

A: A pathogen or infectious agent is defined as a biological agent that will cause disease or illness…

Q: All of the following apply to Luria and Delbruck’s 1943 study of mutation rates in E. Coli and T1…

A: The Luria-Delbruck Experiment ---This experiment performed in 1943  demonstrate that in bacteria…

Q: The Golden Age of Microbiology was the time whena) microorganisms were first used to make bread.b)…

A: Microbiology can be defined as the study of microscopic organisms, such as bacteria, viruses,…

Q: The evolutionary tree of HIV-1 revels that    a.) The SIV strain that infects gorillas is the same…

A: The immune system checks the body for infections or problem-causing chemicals and fights any harmful…

Q: Rubella diseases is described first by the scientist: A) Abu Baqre B) Ronald Ross C) Laveris D)…

A: Answer is A.) Abu Baqre.

Q: n example of bioremediation is     A) the use of prokaryotes to treat sewage or clean up oil…

A: BIOREMEDIATION:- It has been defined as a breakability technology that uses biological activity to…

Q: What component is common for all viruses? a) Ribosome b) DNA c) RNA d) A protein coat e) A…

A: Virus An infective agent that typically consists of a nucleic acid molecule in a protein coat, is…

Q: Which of the following is the newest taxonomic unit?a) Strain       b) Family        c) Orderd)…

A: Taxonomy is the science of naming, classifying, and describing an organism including plants,…

Q: What is the function of a vector?a) Destroys cells that do not contain cloned DNAb) Allows cells to…

A: Deoxyribonucleic acid can be defined as the molecule that is composed of two polynucleotide chains…

Q: A virophage is best descirbed as:(a) A bacteriophage that requires a helper virus(b) An animal virus…

A: Viruses are obligate parasites. They are non cellular entities which have their RNA (ribonucleic…

Q: The “O157:H7” of E. coli O157:H7 refers to thea) biotype.         b) serotype.            c) phage…

A: The E.coli is the most commonly studied bacteria for many of the study purposes and research works.…

Q: Classification of viruses is based on all of the following excepta) type of nucleic acid.     b)…

A: Viruses are the acellular organisms. These are the microscopic structures consists of genetic…

Q: Who discovered Varicella-zoster virus (VZV)?

A: Introduction  A virus is an infectious microorganism made up of a protein-coated segment of nucleic…

Q: Why can bacteria undergo rapid evolutionary change? a) Bacteria pass through numerous bottlenecks b)…

A: Introduction Bacteria are prokaryotic cells I.e they are single-celled organisms with a small size.…

Q: Substances that are naturally produced by certain microrganisms that can inhibit or destroy other…

A: Microorganisms are found almost everywhere in nature and have developed mechanisms to grow and…

Q: What would happen to a virus that found its way to an environment filled only with cells that were…

A: Virus  Viruses are the sub microscopic infectious organisms.

Q: The first significant DNA sequence to be obtained was that of ________a) Lambdab) Plasmidc)…

A: Deoxy ribonucleic acid (DNA) is the genetic material of most organisms that carry coded genetic…

Q: How many fingers does Kamani Hubbard have? A) 8 B) 10 C) 12 How are skate eggs found?

A: As there are multiple subparts, so I am doing here 1st part.

Q: Select all of the characteristics shared by Penicillium chrysogenum and Euplotes vannus. A) Both…

A: Eukaryotic organisms are those that have sub-cellular membrane-enclosed organelles that are specific…

Q: Which of the following is/are evidence that mitochondria and bacteria are descendants of bacteria?…

A: An endosymbiotic theory is a theory that explains how multiple cells come together to form a…

Q: Which of the following experiments was used by Twort and d'Herelle to demonstrate the existence of…

A: The two co-discoverers of the "Twort-d'Hérelle Phenomenon," also known as "transmissible lysis of…

Q: 28. Class VI animal viruses include the retroviruses such as HIV. What type of enzyme does HIV…

A: The correct option is A) Reverse transcriptase. When the HIV has gained entry, the introduction of…

Q: The major issue associated with the use of live, attenuated virus for vaccines is _____. A)…

A: ANSWER) The use of live attenuated virus for vaccines is not recommended as the attenuated virus can…

Q: Which of the following are hosts of West Nile virus which are also responsible for infecting…

A: The illness caused by micro-organisms like bacteria, parasites, fungi and acellular organisms like…

Q: 1) The prefix meaning away from is: A) ante- B) anti- C) sub- D) ab- 2) The prefix meaning below,…

A: In the medical terminology prefix are the small words which are used before the main word. Suffix…

Q: Chemical composition analysis of a viral genome showed 22.1% A, 27.9% C, 27.9% G, and 22.1% U. Based…

A: Given base composition is: Adenine = 22.1% Cytosine = 27.9% Guanine = 27.9% Thymine = 22.1 %

Q: Antibotic/drug resistance in bacteria results from mutations induced by the anitbiotic which enhance…

A: Introduction Antibiotics are the drugs/medicines which are produced from microorganisms and inhibit…

Q: Which of the following statements regarding retroviruses is FALSE? A)  a cellular enzyme converts…

A: Normally virus can have genetic material as either RNA or DNA. Retrovirus is a type of virus which…

Q: What is an emerging virus? Give two examples. Propose an experiment to explain how an emerging virus…

A: Viruses are the sub-microscopic pathogens that behave as a pathogen only when it is inside some host…

Q: The second step in viral replication is entry. For bacteriophage, entry usually involves: O a)…

A: A virus is an obligate parasite which have small piece of genetic material. This genetic material…

Q: Viruses are made of: a.) nucleic acid and DNA b.) Nucleic acids and proteins c.) proteins and…

A: Introduction  Of all the microorganisms, viruses are the tiniest. According to some estimates, 500…

Q: Which diseases did doctors need to rule out in the process of identifying Zika as the cause of…

A: The virus that causes the Zika virus disease is mostly spread by Aedes mosquitoes. Mild fever, skin…

Q: When a virus invades a living cell, its (———-)takes over the cells functions. (Fill in the dash) a.)…

A: Introduction :  Viruses are microscopic, non-cellular infectious organisms that can only reproduce…

Q: 10) One of the field of studies listed includes the rest: a) Viral Nucleic acids type b) Viral…

A: Viral envelopes are lipid bilayer membranes that surround some viruses, derived from the host cell's…

Microbial Isolation

Isolation of the microorganisms in microbiology is the process of developing a pure culture by separating one species of microbe from a mixture of many other species. A pure culture is a culture that contains only one species of microbe.