What major type of molecule contributes to the formation of the cell membrane and what biochemical properties of this molecule promotes the formation of the membrane? What effect allows this type of molecule to come together to form a bilayer and explain how the effect works? A▾ B I H 8 2
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- Why is it advantageous for the cell membrane to be fluid in nature?The cytoplasm of a certain cell is composed of a solution that is 98% water, 2% solutes. Consider the solution shown in the beaker in this picture: FOOE OOS Foor solution. [Select] Cytoplasm is 98% water, 2% solutes. The solution in the beaker would be considered when compared to [Select] The plasma membrane is impermeable to solutes. Beaker solution is 98% water, 2% solutes the cell. We would expect that the cell would [Select] if it was placed in the would account for whatever changes might occur to the volume of the cytoplasm of the cell when it is placed in the solution.Cells transporting substances across their membranes is essential. Choose TWO of the following types of cellular transport. ๏osmosis ๏active transport ๏facilitated diffusion ๏endocytosis / exocytosis (a)For each type of transport you choose, describe the transport process. Explain how the organization of cell membrane plays a role the movement of specific molecules across membrane. (b)Using the same transport types, identify a specific cell that utilizes that type of transit (i.e. one cell for each transport type, or two different cell examples), and detail a substance that is transferred. (c)A typical human lymphocyte has a radius of about 10 μm, while a typical bacterium (e.g., S. pneumoniae) has a radius of about 1 μm. Assuming that both cell types are perfectly spherical, compare and contrastthe transport mechanisms for each of these cells.
- What materials can easily diffuse through the lipid bilayer, and why? What is receptor-mediated endocytosis said to be more selective than phagocytosis or pinocytosis? What do osmosis, diffusion, filtration, and the movement of ions away from like charges all have in common? In what do they differ?Ammonia (NH3) is a weak base that under acidic conditions becomes protonated to the ammonium ion in the following reaction: NH3 + H+ → NH+4 NH3 freely permeates biological membranes, including those of lysosomes. The lysosome is a subcellular organelle with a pH of about 4.5–5.0; the pH of cytoplasm is about 7.0. What is the effect on the pH of the fluid content of lyso- somes when cells are exposed to ammonia? Note: Ammo- nium (NH4+) does not diffuse freely across membranes.The plasma membrane is an effective barrier to molecular movement across it, yet many substances do enter and leave the cell. Explain the mechanisms through which this is accomplished and comment on the energy requirements of these mechanisms.
- If you shift cells from low temperature to high temperature what lipid would you expect to increase in percentage within the membrane? Why would cells increase the percentage of the lipid chosen above when shifted to high temperature but not the other ones?Why is the plasma membrane descibed as a semipermeable membrane? why are proteins required to augment the functions of hte phospholipid bilayer that forms the backbone of cell membranes? distinguish between the different types of molecular transport, why are they necessary, how do they enhance cellular functions, why are some cellualar processes free while others require the input of energy?Ms. Sassa, a biology professor, wanted to demonstrate to her students the applicability of a dialyzing membrane (DM) as a model for the cell membrane by enclosing an aqueous solution in a DM bag and immersing in a beaker containing a different solution. Substances available which are permeable to the DM include 0.02 M NaCl, 0.03 M glucose, and 0.01 M glucose. The only substance available which is completely impermeable to the DM is the 0.01 M lactose. Using the substances given and materials such as a beaker, stirring rod, and string, draw ONLY ONE set-up that can be demonstrated by Ms. Sassa that will satisfy ALL of the following conditions: a. No solute will exhibit a net diffusion out of the cell. b. Glucose will exhibit a net diffusion into the cell. c. NaCl will exhibit a zero net movement. d. No net movement of lactose from the inside to outside of the cell. Make sure to label properly the substance inside the beaker and inside the DM bag.
- DO NOT COPY THE ANSWER FROM THE SAME QUESTION. Sassa, a biology professor, wanted to demonstrate to her students the applicability of a dialyzing membrane (DM) as a model for the cell membrane by enclosing an aqueous solution in a DM bag and immersing in a beaker containing a different solution. Substances available which are permeable to the DM include 0.02 M NaCl, 0.03 M glucose, and 0.01 M glucose. The only substance available which is completely impermeable to the DM is the 0.01 M lactose. Using the substances given and materials such as a beaker, stirring rod, and string, draw ONLY ONE set-up that can be demonstrated by Ms. Sassa that will satisfy ALL of the following conditions:a. No solute will exhibit a net diffusion out of the cell.b. Glucose will exhibit a net diffusion into the cell.c. NaCl will exhibit a zero net d. No net movement of lactose from the inside to outside of the cell. Make sure to label properly the substance inside the beaker and inside the DM bag.In a monolayer of cultured epithelial cells, the cells may or may not have formed tight junctions. What experimental test could be used to determine it the cells have functional tight junction structures? Place a small dye (1 k Da in molecular weight) into the culture media of cells cultured on a glass coverslip and use live imaging to monitor whether the dye can penetrate into the O cytoplasm of the cells, as would be expected if the cells have functional tight junctions. Inject a cell with a small dye (<1 kDa in molecular weight) and use live cell imaging to track whether the dye moves into neighboring cells, as would be expected if the cells have functional O tight junctions.The image below shows the movement of molecules across a plasma membrane. extracellular space lipid bilayer (cell membrane) TIMEI Source: LadyofHats small hydrophobic molecules intracellular space Using the image above, answer the following questions. (a) Identify the type of cell transport that is occurring in the image and justify your answer. (b) Explain the fluid mosaic model of the cell membrane as i relates to the movement of mole- cules illustrated in the figure. answer. (c) Predict the difference you would expect to see in the movement of illustrated molecules if they were to represent hydrophilic molecules rather than hydrophobic molecules. Justify your