What is the structural difference between glucose and (a) β-D-glucuronate,(b) β-D-glucosamine, (c) N-acetyl-β-D-glucosamine?

Q: How is methionine synthesized?

A: methionine [M] is one of the 20 amino acids that any organism requires for life processes. it is a…

Q: What do you mean by dehydogenase. Elaborate on their function in general ?

A: Enzymes are biological molecules that significantly speed up the rate of virtually all of the…

Q: What are the main structural features of prostaglandins?

A: Prostaglandins are like hormones in that they act as chemical messengers, but do not move to other…

Q: Why is chitin water insoluble but the N-acetyl- D-glucosamine from which it is made water soluble?

A: Biomolecules are organic molecules that function inside living systems. They play a whole repertoire…

Q: what is the pharmacological category of Hydroxyprogesterone?

A: Stetoid hormones are produced in the body mainly by the adrenal gland and liver .

Q: Is colchicine a steroid?

A: Introduction: Colchicine is a drug that has the potential to treat gout or gout attacks. Gout is a…

Q: How do N-acetyl- D-glucosamine and N-acetyl- D-galactosamine differ in structure? Are these two…

A: Isomers are the molecules or polyatomic ions that have identical molecular formula but distinct…

Q: What is tetrodotoxin?

A: Toxic is a substance that causes harmful effects in humans as well as other organisms. Toxicity is a…

Q: What is Eman?

A: EMAN is a software package tool for analyzing the performance of semiautomated single-particle…

Q: Why are thioesters considered high-energycompounds?

A: Energy-rich compounds in cells comprise five kinds of high-energy bonds: phosphoanhydride, acyl…

Q: What is the relationship between -ketoglutarate, glutamate, and glutamine in amino acid anabolism?

A: Different organisms have different capacity to synthesize amino acids. Plants can produce all the…

Q: How do germinating seeds convert their triacylglycerol reserves to the glucose molecules required in…

A: Triacylglycerols are commonly located in the endosperm or cotyledon tissue of the seeds.…

Q: What is the structural difference between thymine and uracil?

A: The DNA and RNA are made up of long strands of nucleotides which are attached to each other by…

Q: Which derivative of folate is a reactant in the conversion of (a) glycine into serine? (b)…

A: Introduction:   Proteins are biomolecules that consist of one or more long chains of amino acid…

Q: What structural features do a triacylglycerol and a phosphatidylethanolamine have in common? How do…

A: Lipids are organic substances that helps to generate and store energy. They are classified into…

Q: what are the major physiological effects of galactosemia?

A: Galactosemia is defined as a rare and inherited disorder that prevents babies from processing…

Q: Why is B-D-Glucopyranose in a chair conformation form is the most stable form of glucose present in…

A: B-D-Glucopyranose is a form of D-glucose which is a hexose monosaccharide unit that consists of six…

Q: How many peptide bonds are present in glutathione?

A: Glutathione has 3 peptides bond

Q: What is the structure of the intermediate formed during the conversion of dihydroxyacetone phosphate…

A: Introduction: The metabolic pathway by which glucose converts into ATP and pyruvate is known as…

Q: How many possible epimers of Dglucose exist?

A: D-glucose : It is a short form of dextrorotatory glucose. It is one of the two stereoisomers of…

Q: What two structural features characterize all prostaglandins?

A: Prostaglandins were the substances discovered in the human serum. It was assumed that probably they…

Q: How do the functional groups of rilpivirine add to its function in the human body? How does…

A: Rilpivirine is used in the treatment of HIV, sold under the trade name Edurant. The drug non…

Q: How is the glycerol 3-phosphate required for phosphatidate synthesis generated?

A: Phosphatidate is a necessary biomolecule because phospholipids, which are essential components of…

Q: What are Prostaglandins ? Explain the importance of Prostaglandins ?

A: Prostaglandins are a group of lipids that are synthesized at the site of injury or infection. They…

Q: What metabolic defect can cause galactosemia?

A: Lactose is a disaccharide and it is also commonly called milk sugar. The biological source of…

Q: What is the biochemical rationale for the isomerization of glucose 6- phosphate to fructose…

A: Glycolysis is a metabolic pathway in every cell. In this process  glucose is broken down into 2…

Q: N-Acetylglutamate is required as a cofactor in the synthesis of carbamoyl phosphate. How is…

A: Cofactors are non-protein part of the enzymes that helps in the catalytic activity during a…

Q: What does this important observation imply about the relation between the amino acid sequence of…

A: Protein function is directly related to the structure of that protein. A protein's specific shape…

Q: What properties of glucokinase allow it to phosphorylate glucose in the liver when the blood glucose…

A: Glucokinase is an enzyme that facilitates phosphorylation of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate.…

Q: Name the enantiomer of D-glucose.

A: Enantiomers are chiral molecules that are mirror images of one another. These molecules are…

Q: What is the source of the glycerol in triacylglycerol synthesis?

A: Triacylglycerol synthesis requires both fatty acids and a source of 3-glycerol phosphate. During…

Q: Write the structure of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine and UDP-galactosamine.

A: UDP-N-acetyl (UDP-GalNAc) glucosamine and UDP-(GalNAc) galactosamine are the amino sugar of…

Q: What are the immediate biochemical sources for the two nitrogen atoms in urea?

A: Introduction:  Urea is formed as a by-product during the ornithine cycle which takes place in the…

Q: What is the complete name of the monosaccharide unit numbered 1? a-D-N-acetylglucosamine…

A: The given compound is an branched oligosaccharides. In a branched chain, the one with the longest…

Q: What are the main differences between beta oxidation of saturated fatty acid and beta oxidation of…

A: Beta oxidation is a catabolic process in which fatty acids are broken down into acetyl co A and…

Q: How to separate cyclo-dopa-glucoside from betalamic acid ?

A: Cyclo-dopa-glucoside is an indoxyl carbohydrate that is cyclodopa in which the phenolic hydrogen at…

Q: What are the unique enzymes needed to -oxidize amonounsaturated fatty acid?

A: Fatty acids are a source of energy in living organisms. Fatty acids can be saturated or mono- or…

Q: What is the biologically active form of folic acid? How is it formed?

A: Folic acid is pteroylmonoglutamic acid, the synthetic form of vitamin B9 that is added to food…

Q: What is the fate of the nitrogen on the newly formed glutamate?

A: Amino acid degradation takes place in tissues other than the liver where the first step of…

Q: Which of the following glycosidic linkages is hydrolyzed by the a-amylase?

A: α amylase enzyme belongs to the enzyme group of amylase. Amylases hydrolyses the α-1,4-glycosidic…

Q: N -Acetylglutamate is required as a cofactor in the synthesis of carbamoyl phosphate. How is…

A: N-acetyl (NAG) glutamate is considered as a cofactor, in the synthesis of the carbamoyl phosphate,…

Q: What is tetrahydrocannabinol ?

A: Certain terms are fundamental concepts and terms used in biology, which is the study of life and…

Q: What reactions convert glucose-6- phosphate to glyceraldehyde3- phosphate?

A: Glycolysis is a catabolic reaction by which cells convert glucose (obtained from digestion of…

Q: What would be the most direct result if NAG (N-acetylglucosamine acid) could not be synthesized?

A: NAG(N-acetylglucosamine acid) - This process acts as a secondary amide in the middle of acetic acid…

Q: How do sphingomyelins and cerebrosides differ structurally?

A: The cell membrane exhibit lipid, which is considered the major component. The phospholipids such as…

Q: What would be the fate of oxaloacetate if there were sufficient fluoroacetate present?

A: The Kreb cycle begins with the condensation of an oxaloacetate, and the acetyl group of acetyl-CoA.…

Q: How are triacylglycerols processed to generate biochemical energy?

A: Introduction All plants and animals synthesize triacylglycerols that act as a stored energy source.…

Q: What modified sugars makeup heparin, hyaluronate, and chondroitin-6-sulfate?

A: Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), also known as mucopolysaccharides, are negatively-charged polysaccharide…

Q: What are the unique enzymes needed to -oxidize a polyunsaturated fatty acid?

A: Saturated fatty acids with an even number of carbon atoms are completely degraded via the…

Metabolic pathways

Metabolism is defined as the group of life-supporting, enzyme-mediated chemical reactions in organisms. A metabolic pathway is a set of these chemical reactions that involve anabolism (synthesis of complex biomolecules) and catabolism (breakdown of biomolecules into small molecules) that occur inside a cell. Metabolites are the reacting substances, products, and intermediate substances of an enzymatic process that are altered by a series of chemical events catalyzed by enzymes.