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Biochemistry

9th Edition

ISBN:9781319114671

Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Publisher:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Chapter1: Biochemistry: An Evolving Science

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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Question

What is the smallest number of molecules of ATP and GTP consumed in the synthesis of a protein with 200 residues after
mRNA synthesis, starting from amino acids? Assume that the hydrolysis of PP; is equivalent to the hydrolysis of ATP for
this calculation.
number of ATP molecules:
number of GTP molecules:
400
800
Incorrect

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Consider an enzyme that catalyzes the reaction S2 P, by the following simple reaction mechanism: k, E + S 2 E•S →E kcat + P Suppose the enzyme acquires a mutation that causes k1 to be 10-times smaller than for the wild-type (non-mutant) enzyme. Suppose you measure the initial reaction rate (vo) at several different [S] for the mutant and the wild-type enzymes. Under what conditions would the mutation have a greater effect on the reaction rate (vo) of the mutant enzyme compared to the wild-type enzyme - at very low [S], or at very high [S]? Explain briefly how you decided.
Please asnwer the following question: Suppose you specifically want to measure the amount of beta-glucose present in a sample. You have an enzyme that reacts specifically with the beta form of the sugar,and produces a signal that is easy to measure. However, every time you try to measure the amount of beta-glucose, mutarotation occurs and the alpha form of the sugar is converted into beta!! Can you suggest a simple way of overcoming this problem so you could measure only the beta form of the sugar? HINT: Is there a way you can prevent mutarotation?
As we focused on the translation of mRNA into proteins as well as on protein structure and function. Along the way, we found many opportunities to consider the methods and reasoning by which much of this informationwas acquired. From the explanations given in the chapter,what answers would you propose to the following fundamentalquestion How do we know, based on studies of Neurospora nutritionalmutations, that one gene specifies one enzyme?
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Mutations in adenylate kinase have led to a hyperactive enzyme that ultimately ends up elevating ADP levels in a cell.Calculate the EC (energy charge) given the following atypical adenylate concentrations for the cell containing the mutant adenylate kinase: ATP = 0.5 ??��, ADP = 12.2 ??��, AMP = 80 ??��.
Insulin resistance, as occurs in type 2 diabetes, may lead to increased ketone production and release into blood. Describe the biochemistry that links insulin resistance and ketone production. Compare the cellular energy (e.g. ATP) required and produced when glycogen is synthesize and hydrolyzed, respectively. Compare and contrast the mechanism of fatty acid synthase with translation. When young rats are placed on a totally fat acid free diet, they grow poorly, develop a scaly dermatitis, lose hair, and soon die these symptoms that can be prevented if plant material is included in the diet. Why?
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Upon careful analysis, you discover that mutation causes the patient's glucokinase to behave exactly like hexokinase (i.e. an increased affinity for glucose with decreased Km value and a decrease in the Vmax). Which of the following lines on the Lineweaver-Burk Plot (Figure 1) best represents the mutated enzyme compared to normal glucokinase? Explain. B Normal Glucokinase [V] 1 [S] Figure 1

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