What is the sequence of the product of transcription of a DNA strand with the following sequence 5'-ATGGCTATCGCA-3" OA. 3-TACCGATAGCGT-5 OB. 3-UACCGAUAGCGU-5 OC. None of the options given. OD.5-UACCGAUAGCGU-3 OE. 5-TACCGATAGCGT-3
Q: Plant vacuoles must also maintain an optimum pH for its acid hydrolases. True False
A: Enzymes are high molecular weight proteins that catalyse biochemical reactions. Their catalytic…
Q: MATHEMATICAL For the following aspartase reaction (see Ques- tion 28) in the presence of the…
A: Assuming the enzyme follows Michelis Menton's enzyme Kinetics. The initial velocity of the enzymatic…
Q: 1. Discuss how the pH and temperature affect the solubility of protein. 2. Explain "salting-in" in…
A: Proteins are large molecules made up of amino acid residues linked via a peptide bond. Amino Acids…
Q: Which of the following statements concerning complete protein hydrolysis is incorrect? Primary…
A: Protein hydrolysis is process of breaking down proteins into its components. Hydrolysis reactions…
Q: Using proper convention, provide the amino acid sequence for the following protein. _8_#_H²-8-8° CH3…
A: There are twenty standard amino acids that makeup all the peptides and proteins inside the cell.…
Q: In the enolase reaction, the Lys 345 and Glu 211 residues participate in the reaction to convert…
A: Enolase is an enzyme which catalyzes the conversion of 2-phosphoglycerate to phosphoenolpyruvate.…
Q: There are eight chemical reactions that occur in the citric acid cycle process. The reactions of…
A: Decarboxylation reaction refers to removal of carboxyl group in a chemical reaction. The removal of…
Q: 16-24 epiners are encintomers. Draw Haworth projection a) b) When the molecule formulas for dímers…
A: Carbohydrates or carbs are maconutrient consisting of Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms. In nature…
Q: Explain IN DETAIL the process of glycolysis. Include the overall equation, location products,…
A: Introduction Glycolysis is a process by which glucose breaks down to produce pyruvate and energy.…
Q: Noncompetitive Inhibitors You can think of noncompetitive inhibition as a combination of both…
A: Enzymes are high molecular weight proteins that catalyse biochemical reactions. They contain an…
Q: Galactose 1-phosphate + UDP-glucose → UDP-galactose + glucose 1-phosphate Which pairing correctly…
A: Glycolysis is the metabolic pathway through which one 6 carbon glucose is converted into two 3…
Q: Determine whether each of the statements describes amyloid beta (AB) in Alzheimer's disease (AD),…
A: A protein's biological function depends on its three-dimensional structure. The 3D structure is…
Q: Which protein structural features are apparent in the protein structure below? Select all that apply…
A: Different bonds contribute to protein folding. These bonds are hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic bonds,…
Q: H3C-(CH₂) OH H -C—C—C—SCOA HH OH H₂C—CH₂)_—C—C—C—SCOA H a. What kind of reaction is being performed…
A: The given molecule is a fatty acyl CoA. Fatty acids are great source of energy. These are oxidized…
Q: When the movement of lipids in biological membranes was measured, it was observed that: A) Saturated…
A: The cell membrane is constituted of a phospholipid bilayer. According to the fluid mosaic model, the…
Q: a) What would be the effect on glycogen degradation if a mutation prevents the subunits of protein…
A: After a meal, there is a surplus supply of glucose in the blood. this causes the pancreas to secrete…
Q: Given the following enzyme-catalyzed reaction, identify the class and subclass of the enzyme…
A: Enzymes are bio-catalyst that participate in biochemical process and they are highly specific in…
Q: Inhibitors for this reverse transcriptase fall in two classes: nucleoside analog inhibitors (NRTIs)…
A: Reverse transcriptase is an enzyme that synthesizes DNA from RNA. Reverse transcriptase catalyzes…
Q: Use the relationships revealed by a Lineweaver-Burk plot and the table of enzyme performance to…
A: Parameters such as Km and Vmax are used for comparing enzyme activities. If we know the initial rate…
Q: When performing cloning experiments, it is not always necessary to treat sources of DNA with the…
A: Isoschizomers are enzymes that can share the same recognition site in restriction digestions.
Q: The following is a block diagram where the building blocks are labeled with letters and the linkages…
A: Introduction Lipids are the organic compounds are nonpolar molecules which are soluble only in…
Q: Please explain why hydrolysis of ATP can release much energy by describing how the products of ATP…
A: ATP hydrolysis is the catabolic reaction process in which chemical energy that is stored in the…
Q: Below is a fractional saturation curve for O2 binding to adult hemoglobin. Assume that curve Y…
A: Fractional saturation curve of Haemoglobin for oxygen binding describes the amount of oxygen that is…
Q: What mechanism of RNA regulation is responsible for the two different forms of apolipoprotein B? O…
A: Apolipoprotein B is encoded in humans by APOB gene. It is the primary apolipoprotein of VLDL, LDL…
Q: At a substrate concentration that is much greater than the KM for the reaction, which statement is…
A: The velocity of an enzyme catalyzed reaction is given by: V=Vmax×SKM+SWhere,V= velocity of the…
Q: Recall that vmax is achieved only at high substrate concentrations. Based on your answers to…
A: Competitive inhibitors of enzymes resemble one of the substrates of an enzyme.
Q: Which of the following which of the following reactions is an endergonic reaction that could…
A: In a general reaction such as: aA + bB ⇌ cC + dD At equilibrium (steady state), the concentration of…
Q: When k2 >> k-1, KM approximates the affinity of the enzyme•substrate complex. The (circle one)…
A: Km is also known as Michaelis constant. It is named after German biochemist Leonor Michaelis. It is…
Q: is it true that aplha and beta are made up of same amino acids but Beta chain is longer than alpha…
A: Hemoglobin (Hb) is a complex protein which is consist of two parts - the heme and the globin. Heme…
Q: in triacylglycerol mobilization, triacylglycerol molecules is activated by: phosphorylation…
A: Triacylglycerol are esters of fatty acid and glycerol. Triacylglycerol, as the name indicates,…
Q: A hypothetical enzyme that follows Michaelis-Menten kinetics functions has a substrate concentration…
A: For a one-substrate enzyme-catalyzed reaction, the Michaelis-Menton equation shows the quantitative…
Q: Draw the structure of a triacylglycerol containing stearic acid, palmitic acid, and oleic acid.
A: Animal fat and vegetable oil fall into the category of simple fats or triglycerides. Triglycerides…
Q: In drug development, enzyme inhibition studies play a very important role since drugs are often used…
A: KM (Michaelis-Menten constant) of an enzyme is the substrate concentration that is required to…
Q: Describe how ATP and CTP regulate ATCase enzyme activity and why these two effectors are considered…
A: Enzymes are biocatalysts that catalyse biochemical reactions. Allosteric enzymes are enzymes whose…
Q: The diagram below describes: A) How the pumping of sodium ions out of the cell can power the…
A: The biological membrane that surrounds a living cell is called the cell membrane. The structure of…
Q: 67. Purified water contains not more than 10 ppm of total solids. Express this concen- tration as a…
A: PPM is an abbreviation for "parts per million" and it also can be expressed as milligrams per liter…
Q: 3. Show how the addition of an uncompetitive inhibitor would affect the reaction velocity and…
A: Enzymes are high molecular weight protein that catalyse biochemical reactions. They contain a active…
Q: An analysis is performed to determine the proportions of each of the four nucleotide bases in the…
A: The genetic material in the cells of most organisms is DNA or deoxyribonucleic acid. DNA is…
Q: Does the presence of an uncompetitive inhibitor increase / decrease the apparent affinity of the…
A: Uncompetitive inhibition occurs when an inhibitor binds to an allosteric site of a enzyme, but only…
Q: Which of the following is a type of irreversible enzyme inhibitor A) Mechanism-based (suicide)…
A:
Q: The term protein is generally used for polypeptide with 40 or greater amino acid residues 100 or…
A: Proteins are composed of amino acids and each amino acid are linked via peptide bond to form peptide…
Q: Provide the correct three-letter abbreviation for the following amino acid: H3N-CH-C- I CH3
A: The proteins are constituted of twenty naturally occurring amino acid that are connected by peptide…
Q: Is glycogen phosphorylase a kinase? No, because it does not use ATP to transfer a phosphoryl group…
A: Glycogen phosphorylase is an enzyme activated by Phosphorylase kinase. Glycogen phosphorylase breaks…
Q: Explain from a chemical stand point why ATP has a high phosphoryl-transfer potential. Make sure to…
A: ATP or Adenine Triphosphate is nucleotide made up of ribose sugar attached to Adenine and phosphate.…
Q: Hexokinase is kinase that catalyzes the phosphorylation of glucose by ATP to glucose-6-P, which can…
A: Kinases are enzymes, which adds phosphates to molecules like sugars and proteins. Hexokinase…
Q: B-lactamase is an enzyme found in many antibiotic-resistant bacteria that hydrolyzes and inactivates…
A: Enzymes are high molecular-weight proteins that catalyse biochemical reactions. They contain an…
Q: First image contains the respective absorbance readings of the samples specified in the 96-well…
A: Protein concentration of unknown sample could be calculated by plotting the graph for standard…
Q: Explain IN DETAIL the reactions and processes of alcoholic and lactic acid fermentation. Include…
A: The process of cellular respiration leads to catabolism of pyruvate after the glycolytic pathway.The…
Q: Zoey Wong is a research officer at the Department of Biosciences of Tunku Abdul Rahman University…
A: The basic principles of the central dogma of molecular biology is similar in both prokaryotic and…
Q: Which of the following statements is/are FALSE about Bradford assay? 1. Upon addition of the…
A: Bradford Assay is an accurate spectroscopic analytical method to measure the concentration of total…
Step by step
Solved in 3 steps
- ATP is both an inhibitor and substrate of adenyl cyclase. As a substrate, the enzyme converts ATP to cyclic AMP only when the energy sources of cells are low. cAMP mediates the synthesis of a kinase that adds a phosphate to glycogen synthase and phosphorylase. The Km value of the active site is 3.5 x 10-5M while the Km for the allosteric site is 1.7 x 10-3M. What is the implication of the difference in Km value of the active and allosteric site in terms of the utilization of the stored sources of energy of cells? Explain.Autophagy is an évolutionary conserved catabolic process devoted to the degradation of intracellular components. Which of the following would you observe during autophagy? Select all that apply MTOR inhibition through phosphorylation and activation of TSC proteins MTOR activation and phosphorylation of downstream target proteins Increased expression of Rab7 which mediates lysosomal fusion Acute inflammatory responseA 65-year-old man with severe atherosclerotic coronary artery disease comes to the emergency department because of a 12-hour history of chest pain. Plasma activity of the MB isozyme of creatine kinase (MB-CK) is markedly increased. Which of the following processes is the most likely explanation for the increased plasma MB-CK? (A) Cell membrane damage (B) Endoplasmic reticulum dilation (C) Mitochondrial swelling (D) Polysome dissociation (E) Sodium pump dysfunction
- You have discovered two new inhibitors that inhibit enzymes involved in the pathway shown below. Both inhibitors are newly identified proteins. You know that one of these proteins is a noncompetitive inhibitor of the G1/S-cyclin dependent kinase (G1/S-Cdk). Another protein is a competitive inhibitor of the phosphatase (ie. a regulatory enzyme) that removes phosphates from phosphorylated Rb. mitogen activated mitogen receptor intracellular signaling pathway activated G,-Cdk and G,/S-čdk inactivated Rb protein active Rb protein inactivated transcription regulator active transcription regulator PHOSPHORYLATION OF Rb TRANSCRIPTION TRANSLATION CELL PROLIFERATION 1. What effect would the noncompetitive inhibitor of the G1/S-Cdk complex have on the Rb protein in the pathway shown above? And what effect would that have on the final outcome for these cells? 2. What effect would the competitive inhibitor of the phosphatase that acts on phosphorylated Rb have on the final outcome for these cells?…In the salvage of purines, hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT) is responsible for which of the following processes? Conversion of hypoxanthine to xanthine Conversion of adenine to adenosine monophosphate (AMP) Conversion of guanine to guanosine monophosphate (GMP) Conversion of inosine monophosphate to inosineWhich of the following best describes the use of 2-deoxyglucose in allowing for cancer therapy? Elevates p53 levels directly to regulate glycolytic flux Blocks activation of HIF1transcriptional activation Diminishes lactate production by inhibiting lactate dehydrogenase to allow increased levels of pyruvate to force the transport of pyruvate into the matrix and the function of the TCA cycle Diminishes lactate export from the cell to allow increased levels of pyruvate to force the transport of pyruvate into the matrix and the function of the TCA cycle Competes with glucose for hexokinase, allowing inhibition of glycolytic flux, reducing ATP production.
- Stimulation of map kinase can help regulate cell division and cell mass. the following effects of map kinase activation explains an increase in cell mass. Phosphorylation of RSK (kinase and the subsequent phosphorylation of S6 ribosomal subunit. Phosphorylation of myosin light chain Phosphorylation of glyceraldehyde dehydrogenase phosphorylation of histone H1 none of theseWhich of the following about adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is FALSE? A) There are two phosphoanhydride bonds with similar energies B) ATP can be used as a substrate to make cyclic AMP (cAMP) after a cell has been stimulated with certain specific hormones C) The γ-phosphate can be transferred (e.g. to chemical group on a protein enzyme) such as the Na+-K+ pump, which is part of a coupling mechanism that allows otherwise unfavourable reactions to proceed No possible answer provided E) The large, negative, free-energy change upon hydrolysis of “high-energy” compounds like ATP is partly due to the creation of resonance stabilized productsMany cellular processes require the hydrolysis of GTP to GDP. However, unlike ATP, GTP hydrolysis is often not used as an energy source for the cell, but rather, is associated with a group of enzymes called GTPases. Which of the following statements about GTP and GTPases is correct? 1. GTPase activating protein (GAP) binds to GTPase when it is in the active state. 2. The exchange factor GEF binds GTP directly and delivers it to the GTPase. 3. The "switching" behaviour of GTPase is because GTP hydrolysis causes the enzyme to change shape. 4. Structural differences in the terminal phosphate group explains why ATP hydrolysis releases energy and GTP does not. O 1,2 and 3 O 1 and 3 O 2 and 4 O 4 only O All of 1,2.3 and 4 are correct
- Please note whether each protein is either a Kinase (K), ATPase (A), GTPase (G), Membrane protein (M). Some proteins may need more than one letter: Dynamin [Choose ] Porin [Choose ] EGF Receptor [Choose ] CD4 [Choose ] P-glycoprotein [Choose ] Rho [Choose ] <ATP synthase is a protein that catalyzes the formation of the energy storage molecule adenosine triphosphate using adenosine diphosphate and inorganic phosphate. Which of the following are true for the protein, ATP synthase? Select all apply A mutation of Asp61 to glutamic acid would have less of a deleterious effect on its ability to synthesize ATP than a mutation of Asp61 to alanine A mutation of Asp61 to alanine would have less of a deleterious effect on its ability to synthesize ATP than a mutation of Asp61 to glutamic acid The F1 subunit is primarily responsible for translocating H+ ions across the inner mitochondrial membrane during ATP synthesis The FO subunit is primarily responsible for translocating H+ ions across the inner mitochondrial membrane during ATP synthesisKinases catalyze the transfer of a phosphate group from a phosphate donor such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to a substrate. A well‑known kinase is hexokinase. Hexokinase catalyzes the first step of the glycolysis cycle, and converts glucose to glucose‑6‑phosphate. The reaction of glucose with ATP is shown. The enzyme‑bound base is abbreviated as :B−, and ATP is abbreviated as a diphosphate bonded to adenosine monophosphate (AMP).