What is the purpose of cardinality and participation constraints in data modeling, and how do they affect relationships between entities?

In the realm of data modeling and database design, the concepts of cardinality and participation constraints serve as the cornerstone for accurately representing the relationships between entities. These fundamental principles provide the framework for defining how entities relate to each other and whether their participation in these relationships is mandatory or optional. In this exploration, delve into the purpose and significance of cardinality and participation constraints, shedding light on their pivotal role in shaping the structure and integrity of databases.