What is the mammalian stress response and what is its long-term impact on the immune system?

Q: The mammalian immune response includes both innate-response mechanisms and adap- tive-response…

A: Introduction Innate immunity is the non specific type of defense, which develops quickly and…

Q: mechanisms of resistance in animals to different xenobiotics

A: Xenobiotics  Xenobiotics word specifically defines "is foreign to life". These are the chemical…

Q: What is the relationship of adherent cells and trypsin in Animal cell culture?

A: Trypsinization  is the process of cell dissociation using trypsin, a proteolytic enzyme which breaks…

Q: What Are the Key Components of the Adaptive Immune System?

A: The adaptive immune system is a component of the immune system that is composed of extensive,…

Q: Which statement best describes the physiological role of the endocannabinoid system in learning…

A: Extinction learning is the phenomenon by which animals with advanced mental capabilities (like dogs,…

Q: What is the Sources of pectin in Oman?

A: Pectin is a structural acidic heteropolysaccharide contained in the primary and middle lamella and…

Q: Which of the following might explain why some individuals lack the ability to make enough T-cells?…

A: T-cells are generally one kind of lymphocyte and one of the crucial parts of white blood cells.…

Q: the concept of dose-response related to the following statement by Paracelsus: “All substances are…

A: Although some chemicals, such as arsenic compounds, are generally recognised as poisons, many people…

Q: Which of the following signal transduction pathways is most commonly associated with the…

A: The binding of extracellular signaling molecules and ligands to receptors on the cell surface or…

Q: How do nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDS), such as aspirin reduce inflammation ? O They…

A: NSAIDs are a class of drugs that functions to reduce inflammation. It helps to prevent pain, blood…

Q: The graph in Figure 3 represents the information complied over a 10-year period showing the…

A: HIV destroys CD4 cells by using their replication machinery to create new copies of the virus. This…

Q: Which are the two generalizations can be illustrated by CCK?

A: The digestive system in the human body is the one that consists of different organs which work…

Q: What is the function of the lymphatic system in the following class of vertebrates A. Sharks B.…

A: The lymphatic system is a complex network of vessels, tissues, and organs in the vertebrate body…

Q: In what ways does innate immunity protect the mammaliandigestive tract?

A: Innate immunity is the natural immunity present in all animals. It is the primary defense mechanism.

Q: Why would adults be more likely to have an allergy to an insect venom than a child? Give one…

A: Anaphylaxis is a severe allergic reaction,  which occurs in body as response to insect venom.

Q: Which of these is not part of insect immunity? (A) enzyme activation of pathogenkilling chemicals…

A: Immunology is the branch of science which deals with the study of the immune system, immune response…

Q: What kind of immune responses do insects have  a) adaptive immunity only  b) innate immunity only…

A: The immune system is responsible for protecting our body against pathogens. It has two main…

Q: Define innate releasing mechanism and fixed action pattern.

A: Ethology is the branch of science that deals with the objective study of animal behavior. This…

Q: How will action potential be changed in the presence of venom containing potassium channel blockers?

A: Ion channels are studied now to use in the treatment of cancer. Voltage-gated channels which open or…

Q: What are the 2 types of adaptive immunity and what types of microbes do these adaptive immune…

A: Introduction :- Immunity refers to the ability of an organism to resist disease and infections.…

Q: Vaccination for HPV related cancers has reached levels to establish herd immunity in Western…

A: Since we are entitled to answer the first question, we’ll answer part 1 as you have not mentioned…

Q: The signaling pathway by which inactive J3 larvae become active and mature involves cGMP, PDE, ACh,…

A: J3 larvae refer to the third stage of the juvenile (or larval) development of certain nematode…

Q: What is the difference between alpha and beta cells in the islets of Langerhans?

A: Islet of Langerhans is a group of cells in the pancreas that are responsible for the secretion of…

Q: In 200 words, Explain the difference between venomous and non-venomous

A: Answers :  venomous means toxic, poisonous Such words is dealt with snakes whether they are…

Q: How are the activities of natural killer cells and phagocytes similar and different?

A: Natural killer cells are lymphocytes with cytotoxic potential against virus-infected and certain…

Q: What might be the evolutionary advantage of allergic reactions? (Hint: Are there harmful substances…

A: Allergy is a hypersensitivity of one's immune system towards a foreign substance or an antigen. The…

Q: the distribution of camp in cells is greater than the distribution of cGMP in

A: Introduction  Intracellular signaling refers to the process of communication within and between…

Q: Bacteriophage is added to a culture of human T cells and none of the human T cells were infected by…

A: Human T Cells Human T cells are a type of leucocytes which is an important part of immune system.…

Q: What are the cells that provide adaptive immunity?

A: Blood is fluid connective tissue with plasma which is fluid matrix and it has no fibres. Red blood…

Q: Draw a poster about how the animal cell affect by the covid-19.

A: SARS-CoV-2 is typically transmitted from person to person, but there has been evidence of…

Q: . Which of these is not part of insect immunity?(A) enzyme activation of…

A: The multicellular organisms like mammals and insects are exposed to pathogens present in the…

Q: When a single celled slime mold has run out of food source, the cell will initiate the cell…

A: Introduction Slime molds are saprophytes that lack chlorophyll and are also isogamous organisms…

Q: Which of the following is NOT a mechanism used by the immune system to fight multicellular…

A: Immunology is a section of biology that studies molecules, cells, and organs that build up the…

Q: Howdo positive selection and negative selection contribute to thedevelopment of tolerance in T…

A: The immune system of the body protects the individual from the attack of pathogens or external…

Q: What is the intracellular signaling molecule that causes the mechanism above to happen? said another…

A: Human pregnancy is related to certain endocrine and metabolic changes that occur in the body as a…

Q: How do helper and cytotoxic T cells recognize and respond to antigens?

A: The body has the innate and adaptive type of immune response. Adaptive immunity is a specific type…

Q: 23. Supporting cells in the CNS that are phagocyticT + a) are neutrophilsT + b) are microglial…

A: According to our guidelines we need to explain the answers and can't provide the direct answers. The…

Q: Why is the mammalian placenta not targeted by their immune system?

A: The placenta is an organ that develops attached to the wall of the uterus during pregnancy. The…

Q: Of which type of defensecell do worm infectionsstimulate the multiplication?

A: There are various ways to prevent illness such as by sanitation, but the best way for prevention is…