Why does antibody titer rise after infection? Is ahigh antibody titer indicative of an ongoing infection?Explain

Q: Vhat is meant by complement fi xation? Vhat are cytolysins?

A: Complement is a collective term that describe a system of about 20 proteins, many of which are…

Q: Heidelberger observed that complement inhibited the formation of precipitating  antigen-antibody…

A: The formation of immune complexes lattices between antigens and antibodies is a crucial process in…

Q: How might IRA B cells prevent bacterial sepsis?

A: Innate response activator B cells are a subset of B-1a derived B cells that produce the growth…

Q: What is the mechanism underlying the allergic response to an antibiotic?

A: Antibiotics are a type of antimicrobial substances that fight bacterial infections in people and…

Q: w antibodies are formed in T-independent antigens,

A: Thymus-dependent antigens are two categories of antigens that must come into contact with T-helper…

Q: Describe the three processes responsible for antibody diversity, estimating the diversity each…

A: The human body comes across different antigens, hence the immune system has the potential to produce…

Q: Write the main components of type 3 hypersensitivity reaction. Why phagocytic cells cannot…

A: "Hypersensitivity is the immune system's reaction to a foreign chemical that is not normally…

Q: What mechanism do Tc cells use to identify anddestroy infected cells in the body? How do Th cells…

A: Immune system protects the body against infection. Cells involved in immune functions are known as…

Q: What is the significance of a rise in titer of specific antibodies in serum samples taken at…

A: Antibodies or immunoglobulins are the Y-shaped molecules that are responsible for binding to the…

Q: Explain the mechanism underlying the molecular structure of C7, C8, and C9 complement protein

A: The complement system consist of 35 proteins found within the plasma or sure to host cells, forms an…

Q: What does ‘separation of bound from free’ mean in terms of the radioimmunoassay?

A: A radioimmunoassay uses radiolabeled molecules during the immune complex formation. It is used to…

Q: how does immunoelectrophoresis detect immunoglobulin production

A: Immunoglobulins, also known as antibodies, are specialised proteins that the immune system produces…

Q: mechanisms of Complement System activation

A: Complement system are part of innate immunity system. These protect our cells and tissues against…

Q: What is the enzymatic tag on the antibodies that interacts with the substrate causing the color…

A: Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay( ELISA) is biochemical analytical assay used for the detection of…

Q: What is the difference in the kinetics of antibody formation in response to a dirst and second…

A: The immune response is a reaction that occurs in an organism to protect against foreign substances.…

Q: Where are Class I MHC proteins and Class II MHC proteins found?

A: Immunity is the potential of the body to fight infections that are caused by some pathogens. Many…

Q: Explain in detail differences between complement protein and complement regulatory protein?

A: The immune system is involved in protecting the body from pathogens such as viruses and bacteria,…

Q: Describe the process of desensitization that reduces the IgE response to an allergen.

A: The term "desensitization" refers to an immunological procedure that involves producing specific…

Q: What

A:

Q: What is the complement strand to this à 3’-AATGCTCGATTCGGCTA – 5’?

A: The genetic code is a set of rules that govern how information encoded in genetic material, such as…

Q: Plz describe

A: Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins are Y-shaped globular proteins secreted by the plasma…

Q: What is meant by complement fixation? What are cytolysins?

A: Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins are Y-shaped globular proteins secreted by the plasma…

Q: What is the point to labeling a secondary antibody with a marker that can be visualized instead of…

A: Introduction: The antibodies are used to detect certain antigens in a technique called ELISA. In…

Q: Define monoclonal antibody.

A: An antibody (Ab), also known as an immunoglobulin (Ig), is a large, Y-shaped protein produced mainly…

Q: What is the monoclonal surface membrane immunoglobulin for b cell with burkitt's lymphoma?

A: Burkitt's lymphoma is the cancer of the lymphatic system, especially B lymphocytes found in germinal…

Q: Which two classes of antibodies are BEST at agglutinating pathogens? Explain.

A: Antibodies These are referred to as proteins that protect against the pathogens that enter our…

Q: How are monoclonal antibodies categorised

A: Antibodies produced ordinarily by infection or immunization are polyclonal because natural antigens…

Q: How does acute inflammation protect against infection?

A: Inflammation refers to the physiologic response to an injury or a disease. It is characterized by…

Q: Explain the steps in the alternative complement pathway at a single site.

A: Complement is a component of the innate immune system that plays a role in leukocyte opsonization,…

Q: Describe the mechanism used by Tc cells to recognize infectedhost cells.

A: Immune system protects the body against infection. Cells involved in immune functions are known as…

Q: How is complement activation triggered in the classical complement pathway, and how does complement…

A: The complement system is also known as the complement cascade. It is a part of the immune system. As…

Q: Explain whether the antibody diversity is generated at the DNA or RNA level.

A: The immune system is a sophisticated biological system that can recognise and accept self-cells…

Q: Define the different types of graft rejection.

A: Introduction  The immune system of a transplant recipient fights the transplanted organ or tissue…

Q: Why do the ring sizes change until equivalence is reached in radial immunodiffusion?

A: Introduction  Immunodiffusion is a technique used to detect and quantify the presence of specific…

Q: What is active immunty?

A: The science which involves the study of immune system is termed as immunology.

Q: What are antigenic determininants? What is their role, and how do they function?

A: An antigen is a substance that is regarded as foreign by our immune system. The antigen induces our…

Q: How do host immune systems recognize microbial invasion? You can focus on a Gram (-) bacterial…

A: The immune system is a complicated system consisting of organs, cells, and proteins which safeguards…

Q: Aside from the time required for a reaction to appear,how does delayed hypersensitivity differ from…

A: Introduction: The immune response is protective but can at times be injurious to the host. A…

Q: What is the only known effect of deficiencies in complement components C5–C9? Explain this effect.

A: Introduction: The innate humoral immune system relies heavily on the complement system. The…

Q: labeled secondary

A: Antibodies are the proteins (immunoglobins) produced by B-Lymphocytes. There are two groups of…

Q: What is complement? How does it cause bacterial lysis? What are some of the other roles of…

A: Introduction: Immunity is referred to as the host's resistance against any foreign antigen,…

Q: Explain why IgM cannot activate complement by itself.

A: Antibodies which are also known as immunoglobulins are large Y shaped blood proteins produced by the…

Immune Disorders

The collaboration between the cells and proteins that work together as a defense system against infection comprises the immune system.Each of them performs a variety of tasks to recognize and/or react against a foreign body.