Chemistry
Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN: 9781305957404
Author: Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Question
**What is the difference between covalent bonds and ionic bonds?** In chemistry, understanding the differences between covalent and ionic bonds is fundamental for grasping how elements combine to form compounds. Here are the key distinctions: ### Covalent Bonds - **Formation**: Covalent bonds form when two atoms share one or more pairs of electrons. - **Types of Elements Involved**: Typically between nonmetal atoms. - **Shared Electrons**: Electrons are shared equally or unequally (polar covalent bond). - **Molecular Examples**: Water (H2O), Carbon Dioxide (CO2). - **Characteristics**: Covalent compounds often have lower melting and boiling points compared to ionic compounds and can be gases, liquids, or solids at room temperature. ### Ionic Bonds - **Formation**: Ionic bonds form when one atom donates electrons to another atom, leading to a transfer of electrons. - **Types of Elements Involved**: Typically between metals and nonmetals. - **Electron Transfer**: One atom becomes positively charged (cation) and the other becomes negatively charged (anion). - **Molecular Examples**: Sodium Chloride (NaCl), Magnesium Oxide (MgO). - **Characteristics**: Ionic compounds usually have high melting and boiling points and are solid at room temperature. They also conduct electricity when dissolved in water or melted due to the movement of ions. Understanding these differences is critical for predicting the properties and behaviors of different substances in various chemical reactions and states of matter.
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Transcribed Image Text:**What is the difference between covalent bonds and ionic bonds?** In chemistry, understanding the differences between covalent and ionic bonds is fundamental for grasping how elements combine to form compounds. Here are the key distinctions: ### Covalent Bonds - **Formation**: Covalent bonds form when two atoms share one or more pairs of electrons. - **Types of Elements Involved**: Typically between nonmetal atoms. - **Shared Electrons**: Electrons are shared equally or unequally (polar covalent bond). - **Molecular Examples**: Water (H2O), Carbon Dioxide (CO2). - **Characteristics**: Covalent compounds often have lower melting and boiling points compared to ionic compounds and can be gases, liquids, or solids at room temperature. ### Ionic Bonds - **Formation**: Ionic bonds form when one atom donates electrons to another atom, leading to a transfer of electrons. - **Types of Elements Involved**: Typically between metals and nonmetals. - **Electron Transfer**: One atom becomes positively charged (cation) and the other becomes negatively charged (anion). - **Molecular Examples**: Sodium Chloride (NaCl), Magnesium Oxide (MgO). - **Characteristics**: Ionic compounds usually have high melting and boiling points and are solid at room temperature. They also conduct electricity when dissolved in water or melted due to the movement of ions. Understanding these differences is critical for predicting the properties and behaviors of different substances in various chemical reactions and states of matter.
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