Problem 1E: In terms of their bulk properties, how do liquids and solids differ? How are they similar? Problem 2E: In terms of the kinetic molecular theory, in what ways are liquids similar to solids? In what ways... Problem 3E: In terms of the kinetic molecular theory, in what ways are liquids similar to gases? In what ways... Problem 4E: Explain why liquids assume the shape of any container into which they are poured, whereas solids are... Problem 5E: What is the evidence that all neutral atoms and molecules exert attractive forces on each other? Problem 6E: Open the PhET States of Matter Simulation (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/16phetvisual) to answer the... Problem 7E: Define the following and give an example of each: (a) dispersion force (b) dipole-dipole attraction... Problem 8E: The types of intermolecular forces in a substance are identical whether it is a solid, a liquid, or... Problem 9E: Why do the boiling points of the noble gases increase in the order HeNeArKrXe? Problem 10E: Neon and HF have approximately the same molecular masses. (a) Explain why the boiling points of Neon... Problem 11E: Arrange each of the following sets of compounds in order of increasing boiling point temperature:... Problem 12E: The molecular mass of butanol, C4H9OH, is 74.14; that of ethylene glycol, CH2(OH)CH2OH, is 62.08,... Problem 13E: On the basis of intermolecular attractions, explain the differences in the boiling points of n... Problem 14E: On the basis of dipole moments and/or hydrogen bonding, explain in a qualitative way the differences... Problem 15E: The melting point of H2O(s) is O C. Would you expect the melting point of H2S(s) to be 85 C, O C, or... Problem 16E: Silane SiH4, phosphine (PH3), and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) melt at 185 C, 133 C, and 85 C,... Problem 17E: Explain why a hydrogen bond between two water molecules is weaker than a hydrogen bond between two... Problem 18E: Under certain conditions, molecules of acetic acid, CH3COOH, form dimers, pairs of acetic acid... Problem 19E: Proteins are chains of amino acids that can form in a variety of arrangements, one of which is a... Problem 20E: The density of liquid NH3 is 0.64 g/mL; the density of gaseous NH3 at STP is 0.0007 g/mL. Explain... Problem 21E: Identify the intermolecular forces present in the following solids: (a) CH3CH2OH (b) CH3CH2CH3 (c)... Problem 22E: The test tubes shown here contain equal amounts of the specified motor oils. Identical metal spheres... Problem 23E: Although steel is denser than water, a steel needle or paper clip placed carefully lengthwise on the... Problem 24E: The surface tension and viscosity values for diethyl ether, acetone, ethanol, and ethylene glycol... Problem 25E: You may have heard someone use the figure of speech slower than molasses in winter to describe a... Problem 26E: It is often recommended that you let your car engine run idle to warm up before driving, especially... Problem 27E: The surface tension and viscosity of water at several different temperatures are given in this... Problem 28E: At 25 C, how high will water rise in a glass capillary tube with an inner diameter of 0.63 mm? Refer... Problem 29E: Water rises in a glass capillary tube to a height of 17 cm. What is the diameter of the capillary... Problem 30E: Heat is added to boiling water. Explain why the temperature of the boiling water does not change.... Problem 31E: Heat is added to ice at 0 C. Explain why the temperature of the ice does not change. What does... Problem 32E: What feature characterizes the dynamic equilibrium between a liquid and its vapor in a closed... Problem 33E: Identify two common observations indicating some liquids have sufficient vapor pressures to... Problem 34E: Identify two common observations indicating some solids, such as dry ice and mothballs, have vapor... Problem 35E: What is the relationship between the intermolecular forces in a liquid and its vapor pressure? Problem 36E: What is the relationship between the intermolecular forces in a solid and its melting temperature? Problem 37E: Why does spilled gasoline evaporate more rapidly on a hot day than on a cold day? Problem 38E: Carbon tetrachloride, CCl4, was once used as a dry cleaning solvent, but is no longer used because... Problem 39E: When is the boiling point of a liquid equal to its normal boiling point? Problem 40E: How does the boiling of a liquid differ from its evaporation? Problem 41E: Use the information in Figure 10.24 to estimate the boiling point of water in Denver when the... Problem 42E: A syringe at a temperature of 20 C is filled with liquid ether in such a way that there is no space... Problem 43E: Explain the following observations: (a) It takes longer to cook an egg in Ft. Davis, Texas... Problem 44E: The enthalpy of vaporization of water is larger than its enthalpy of fusion. Explain why. Problem 45E: Explain why the molar enthalpies of vaporization of the following substances increase in the order... Problem 46E: Explain why the enthalpies of vaporization of the following substances increase in the order... Problem 47E: The enthalpy of vaporization of CO2(l) is 9.8 kJ/mol. Would you expect the enthalpy of vaporization... Problem 48E: The hydrogen fluoride molecule, HF, is more polar than a water molecule, H2O (for example, has a... Problem 49E: Ethyl chloride (boiling point, 13 C) is used as a local anesthetic. When the liquid is sprayed on... Problem 50E: Which contains the compounds listed correctly in order of increasing boiling points? (a) N2CS2H2OKCl... Problem 51E: How much heat is required to convert 422 g of liquid H2O at 23.5 C into steam at 150 C? Problem 52E: Evaporation of sweat requires energy and thus take excess heat away from the body. Some of the water... Problem 53E: Titanium tetrachloride, TiCl4, has a melting point of 23.2 C and has a Hfusion=9.37 kJ/mol. (a) How... Problem 54E: From the phase diagram for water (Figure 10.31), determine the state of water at: (a) 35 °C and 85... Problem 55E: What phase changes will take place when water is subjected to varying pressure at a constant... Problem 56E: Pressure cookers allow food to cook faster because the higher pressure inside the pressure cooker... Problem 57E: From the phase diagram for carbon dioxide in Figure 10.34, determine the state of CO2 at: (a) 20 °C... Problem 58E: Determine the phase changes that carbon dioxide undergoes as the pressure changes if (lie... Problem 59E: Consider a cylinder containing a mixture of liquid carbon dioxide in equilibrium with gaseous carbon... Problem 60E: Dry ice, CO2(s) , does not melt at atmospheric pressure. It sublimes at a temperature of 78 °C. What... Problem 61E: If a severe storm results in the loss of electricity, it may be necessary to use a clothesline to... Problem 62E: Is it possible to liquefy nitrogen at room temperature (about 25 C)? Is it possible to liquefy... Problem 63E: Elemental carbon has one gas phase, one liquid phase, and two different solid phases, as shown in... Problem 64E: What types of liquids typically form amorphous solids? Problem 65E: At very low temperatures oxygen, O2, freezes and forms a crystalline solid. Which best describes... Problem 66E: As it cools, olive oil slowly solidifies and forms a solid over a range of temperatures. Which best... Problem 67E: Explain why ice, which is a crystalline solid, has a melting temperature of 0C, whereas butter,... Problem 68E: Identify the type of crystalline solid (metallic, network covalent, ionic, or molecular) formed by... Problem 69E: Identify the type of crystalline solid (metallic, network covalent, ionic, or molecular) formed by... Problem 70E: Classify each substance in the table as either a metallic, ionic, molecular, or covalent network... Problem 71E: Classify each substance in the table as either a metallic, ionic, molecular, or covalent network... Problem 72E: Identify the following substances as ionic, metallic, covalent network, or molecular solids:... Problem 73E: Substance A is shiny, conducts electricity well, and melts at 975 C. Substance A is likely a(n): (a)... Problem 74E: Substance B is hard, does not conduct electricity, and melts at 1200 C. Substance B is likely a(n):... Problem 75E: Describe the crystal structure of iron, which crystallizes with two equivalent metal atoms in a... Problem 76E: Describe the crystal structure of Pt, which crystallizes with four equivalent metal atoms in a cubic... Problem 77E: What is the coordination number of a chromium atom in the body-centered cubic structure of chromium? Problem 78E: What is the coordination number of an aluminum atom in the facecentered cubic structure of aluminum? Problem 79E: Cobalt metal crystallizes in a hexagonal closest packed structure. What is the coordination number... Problem 80E: Nickel metal crystallizes in a cubic closest packed structure. What is the coordination number of a... Problem 81E: Tungsten crystallizes in a body-centered cubic unit cell with an edge length of 3.165 . (a) What is... Problem 82E: Platinum (atomic radius =1.38) crystallizes in a cubic closely packed structure. Calculate the edge... Problem 83E: Barium crystallizes in a body-centered cubic unit cell with an edge length of 3.025 (a) What is the... Problem 84E: Aluminum (atomic radius = 1.43 ) crystallizes in a cubic closely packed structure. Calculate the... Problem 85E: The density of aluminum is 2.7 g/cm3; that of silicon is 2.3 g/cm3. Explain why Si has the lower... Problem 86E: The free space in a metal may be found by subtracting the volume of the atoms in a unit cell from... Problem 87E: Cadmium sulfide, sometimes used as a yellow pigment by artists, crystallizes with cadmium, occupying... Problem 88E: A compound of cadmium, tin, and phosphorus is used in the fabrication of some semiconductors. It... Problem 89E: What is the formula of the magnetic oxide of cobalt, used in recording tapes, that crystallizes with... Problem 90E: A compound containing zinc, aluminum, and sulfur crystallizes with a closest-packed array of sulfide... Problem 91E: A compound of thallium and iodine crystallizes in a simple cubic array of iodide ions with thallium... Problem 92E: Which of the following elements reacts with sulfur to form a solid in which the sulfur atoms form a... Problem 93E: What is the percent by mass of titanium in rutile, a mineral that contains titanium and oxygen, if... Problem 94E: Explain why the chemically similar alkali metal chlorides NaCl and CsCl have different structures,... Problem 95E: As minerals were formed from the molten magma, different ions occupied the same cites in the... Problem 96E: Rubidium iodide crystallizes with a cubic unit cell that contains iodide ions at the corners and a... Problem 97E: One of the various manganese oxides crystallizes with a cubic unit cell that contains manganese ions... Problem 98E: NaH crystallizes with the same ciystal structure as NaCl. The edge length of the cubic unit cell of... Problem 99E: Thallium(I) iodide crystallizes with the same structure a CsCl. The edge length of the Unit cell of... Problem 100E: A cubic unit cell contains manganese ions at the corners and fluoride ions at the center of each... Problem 101E: What is the spacing between crystal planes that diffract X-rays with a wavelength of 1.541 nm at an... Problem 102E: A diffracrometer using X-rays with a wavelength of 0.2287 nm produced first-order diffraction peak... Problem 103E: A metal with spacing between planes equal to 0.4164 nm diffracts X-rays with a wavelength of 0.2879... Problem 104E: Gold crystallizes in a face-centered cubic unit cell. The second-order reflection ( n=2) of X-rays... Problem 105E: When an electron in an excited molybdenum atom falls from the L to the K shell, an X-ray is emitted.... format_list_bulleted
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