Chemistry
Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN: 9781305957404
Author: Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Concept explainers

NMR Spectroscopy
NMR stands for Nuclear Magnetic Resonance in which the study of different molecules is done based on the interaction of radiofrequency electromagnetic radiations with the nuclei of molecules placed in a strong magnetic field. A precise study of spectra o…
Question

what is the constitutional isomer for this spectrum? (C5h12O)

### Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy Example #### Spectrum Analysis The graph above represents an NMR spectrum, labeled as "Spectrum S." This is a proton NMR spectrum, commonly used in organic chemistry to determine the structure of molecules. - **X-axis (PPM):** The chemical shift in parts per million (ppm) indicates the magnetic environment of the hydrogen atoms in a molecule. The scale typically ranges from high-field (right) to low-field (left) resonances. - **Y-axis:** Although not labeled, it typically shows signal intensity. #### Key Features - **Multiplet at ~1.0 PPM:** This suggests the presence of aliphatic protons, which are typically found in saturated hydrocarbon chains. - **Multiplet at ~2.0-4.0 PPM:** Signals in this region often correspond to hydrogens attached to carbons near electronegative atoms (such as oxygen or nitrogen) or unsaturated systems (like alkenes or aromatic rings). #### Chemical Structure Below the spectrum is a chemical structure, showing two methyl groups attached to a central carbon: - Two methyl groups (`CH₃`) are bonded to a central carbon, creating an isopropyl group. - Lines represent bonds: single lines for single bonds, connecting carbon atoms and hydrogen atoms. This chemical structure and spectrum are indicative of a simple hydrocarbon or an alkane derivative, revealing how NMR spectral peaks correlate with this structure. Understanding this spectrum is critical for interpreting molecular structures in research and chemical analysis.
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Transcribed Image Text:### Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy Example #### Spectrum Analysis The graph above represents an NMR spectrum, labeled as "Spectrum S." This is a proton NMR spectrum, commonly used in organic chemistry to determine the structure of molecules. - **X-axis (PPM):** The chemical shift in parts per million (ppm) indicates the magnetic environment of the hydrogen atoms in a molecule. The scale typically ranges from high-field (right) to low-field (left) resonances. - **Y-axis:** Although not labeled, it typically shows signal intensity. #### Key Features - **Multiplet at ~1.0 PPM:** This suggests the presence of aliphatic protons, which are typically found in saturated hydrocarbon chains. - **Multiplet at ~2.0-4.0 PPM:** Signals in this region often correspond to hydrogens attached to carbons near electronegative atoms (such as oxygen or nitrogen) or unsaturated systems (like alkenes or aromatic rings). #### Chemical Structure Below the spectrum is a chemical structure, showing two methyl groups attached to a central carbon: - Two methyl groups (`CH₃`) are bonded to a central carbon, creating an isopropyl group. - Lines represent bonds: single lines for single bonds, connecting carbon atoms and hydrogen atoms. This chemical structure and spectrum are indicative of a simple hydrocarbon or an alkane derivative, revealing how NMR spectral peaks correlate with this structure. Understanding this spectrum is critical for interpreting molecular structures in research and chemical analysis.
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Step 1: NMR spectroscopy

NMR spectroscopy is a very important tool for the determination of the structure of the organic compound.

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