What is the action mechanism of the antiretroviral drugs called protease inhibitors which are used against HIV infection?

Q: present the chemical mechanism of the HIV protease. Discuss the mode of action of some inhibitors of…

A: - Proteases are enzymes that can break down proteins into peptides. HIV-1 protease (PR) is an…

Q: Understand the purpose of using combination therapy to treat HIVinfection.

A: Combined therapy is defined as the treatment of any disease with the use of two or more combination…

Q: What are some of the stimuli that can trigger reactivation of a latent herpesvirus infection?…

A: A large family of viruses that are known to infect animals and cause blister formation along with…

Q: Why doesn't a long lasting vaccine against common cold exist yet?

A: Common cold is most common viral infection that affect the upper respiratory tract of humans.

Q: Which of the following antivirals blocks WBCS surfaces to which HIV should be bounded? a. Maraviroc…

A: The immune system checks the body for infections or problem-causing chemicals and fights any harmful…

Q: What are drug resistant pathogens? What are three different molecular mechanisms an organism might…

A: Drug resistance pathogens are the pathogens or microbes which have resistance to antibody or drug,…

Q: Are the HIV-1 protease inhibitors transition state analogs? Why or why not?

A: A drug that resembles the substrate portion of transition state of a reaction normally catalyzed by…

Q: In the mechanism of adenoviruses, what causes the host cell to express tr

A: Adenovirus : These are  common cold virus which causes range of illness . They can cause cold like…

Q: what impact could a mutation that makes the binding to the ACE-2 receptors stronger have on a…

A: virus are obligate parasites ,which becomes active when inside a living cell . they use many…

Q: Describe the steps that lead to the formation of new HIVparticles.

A: The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is an ribonucleic acid (RNA) virus that attacks the immune…

Q: Explain why viral infections are difficult to treat.

A: The virus is a non-living entity. It is the source of a variety of infections. The infection host…

Q: “Type I interferons serve as the first line of defence against viral infections”. Give a schematic…

A: Type I interferons (IFNs) indeed serve as the first line of defense against viral infections. They…

Q: It is observed that there is a decrease in the antibody level against Wuhan strain of virus but an…

A: Antibodies are the components of the adaptive immune system. Antibodies are produced by the plasma B…

Q: Describe four classes of antiretroviral drugs and thespecific stage of the HIV reproduction cycle…

A: Antiretroviral drugs are the medication used against the treatment of HIV (Human Immunodeficiency…

Q: List specific drugs categorized as non–human immuno deficiency virus (HIV) antivirals and HIV…

A: Besides macroscopic plants and animals, microbes are the major components of biological systems on…

Q: How can one confirm/investigate the type of inhibition exerted by azt on the hiv reverse…

A: 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (AZT) is a Thymine analogue. It inhibits HIV reverse transcriptase by…

Q: What are three major methods of transmission of the HIV virus and provide an example of each method.

A: HIV stands for Human Immuno deficiency Virus and is responsible for causing AIDS in humans. HIV…

Q: hat are some of the challenges of using recombinant molecules to treatment of HIV?

A: HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) affects immune cells that aid in the body's ability to fight…

Q: What are the causative agents of HIV?

A: HIV (Human immunodeficiency virus) causes the diseases AIDS (Acquired immune deficiency syndrome).

Q: Why are there so many mutations? What are the bacterial defense system differences from SARS-Cov 2…

A: Abrupt changes inside the DNA that may or may not change the amino acids sequence in a protein is…

Q: How is AZT a competitive inhibitor of HIV reverse transcriptase?

A: A vital early stage in the HIV life cycle is the reverse transcription of the viral RNA genome into…

Q: Can host-cell defense molecules be mobilized by drugs to fight infection?

A: Defense mechanism in a human body is divided into two main categories: Innate (the defense mechanism…

Q: Describe the mode of action of each class of retroviral agent usedto treat infection with HIV.

A: INTRODUCTION: HIV is human immunodeficiency virus is a retrovirus which leads to a disease commonly…

Q: What are the major routes of transmission of HIV?

A: HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) is responsible for causing AIDS (acquired immune deficiency…

Q: Is the coronavirus (covid) likely to establish latency in those who have tested positive or have had…

A: A chronic virus can go into latency. This is when a virus is present within a cell, but not actively…

Q: HIV may not respond toa) Nucleoside analoguesb) Protease inhibitorsc) Neuraminidase inhibitorsd)…

A: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), is a retrovirus that causes Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome…

Q: What is resistance to viral infection

A: Virus resistance is the factor that can disturb the life cycle of viruses. It is decrease in…

Q: A recently emerged virus has been transmitting and mutating rapidly in humans throughout the world.…

A: * Viruses can transmit and replicate faster and can multiply their genome within seconds if host is…

Q: To diagnose someone with HIV, what do they look for in the blood?

A: AIDS ( acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) is caused by HIV ( human immunodeficiency virus). This…

Q: Given what we know about HIV, describe the impact of this virus on humoral and cellular immunity.…

A: The retrovirus known as HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) preferentially attacks and kills CD4+ T…

Q: HIV infection? Name

A: HIV is human immunodeficiency virus.

Q: What is the strategy in drug design to fight AIDS?

A: AIDS or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is caused by the human immunodeficiency (HIV) virus. It…

Q: What are some strategiesof the anti-retroviral drugsused in the AIDS treatment?

A: HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is a member of the Retro viral family which causes chronic,…

Q: Explain HIV is so difficult to treat. Why antiviral medication is a cocktail/mixture of different…

A: Ans. HIV-Hummanimmuni deficiency virus. It leads to AIDS and attacks the body's immune system.…

Q: HYPERTONIC SOLUTION Water Solute 98% Water Solute Cell Condition:

A: The concentration of solutes in a hypertonic solution is higher than in another solution. When…

Q: What is the role of gp120 in HIV infection?

A: The virus known as HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) targets the immune system of the body. HIV can…

Q: What 4 principal antibiotic resistance (ABR) mechanisms are there? Is there a fundamental…

A: Protein synthesis is a central function in cellular physiology and as such it is the primary target…

Q: Explain the role of HIV protease during the process of HIV maturation.

A: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a virus which belongs to the genus Lentivirus. This family of…