What is the action mechanism of the antiretroviral drugs called protease inhibitors which are used against HIV infection?

Q: How does an HIV particle acquire its envelope?

A: The human immunodeficiency virus causes HIV infection, which can later progress to become acquired…

Q: Understand the purpose of using combination therapy to treat HIVinfection.

A: Combined therapy is defined as the treatment of any disease with the use of two or more combination…

Q: What are some of the stimuli that can trigger reactivation of a latent herpesvirus infection?…

A: A large family of viruses that are known to infect animals and cause blister formation along with…

Q: List the targets of antiviral drugs and their modes of action. Whatis the strategy behind taking…

A: Virus is a submicroscopic infectious agent that needs a living host for their replication. It causes…

Q: Which of the following antivirals blocks WBCS surfaces to which HIV should be bounded? a. Maraviroc…

A: The immune system checks the body for infections or problem-causing chemicals and fights any harmful…

Q: What are drug resistant pathogens? What are three different molecular mechanisms an organism might…

A: Drug resistance pathogens are the pathogens or microbes which have resistance to antibody or drug,…

Q: What is the likely mechanism of spread of NDM-1?

A: NDM-1 is the protein product of a gene that some bacteria produce. A bacterial strain containing…

Q: In the mechanism of adenoviruses, what causes the host cell to express tr

A: Adenovirus : These are  common cold virus which causes range of illness . They can cause cold like…

Q: what impact could a mutation that makes the binding to the ACE-2 receptors stronger have on a…

A: virus are obligate parasites ,which becomes active when inside a living cell . they use many…

Q: Describe the steps that lead to the formation of new HIVparticles.

A: The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is an ribonucleic acid (RNA) virus that attacks the immune…

Q: “Type I interferons serve as the first line of defence against viral infections”. Give a schematic…

A: Type I interferons (IFNs) indeed serve as the first line of defense against viral infections. They…

Q: What does the enzyme reverse transcriptase do and why is it agood target for anti-HIV drugs?

A: A virus is a submicroscopic infectious agent. It replicates only inside the living cells of an…

Q: Describe four classes of antiretroviral drugs and thespecific stage of the HIV reproduction cycle…

A: Antiretroviral drugs are the medication used against the treatment of HIV (Human Immunodeficiency…

Q: hat are some of the challenges of using recombinant molecules to treatment of HIV?

A: HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) affects immune cells that aid in the body's ability to fight…

Q: Why are there so many mutations? What are the bacterial defense system differences from SARS-Cov 2…

A: Abrupt changes inside the DNA that may or may not change the amino acids sequence in a protein is…

Q: What are the evolutionary origins of HIV-1 and HIV-2?

A: HIV (Human immunodeficiency virus) belongs to a family of retroviruses, all of which have RNA as…

Q: List the causative agent of HIV virus) and discuss its properties.

A: Viruses are non-cellular genetic material that inserts themselves in the living cell and utilizes…

Q: How is AZT a competitive inhibitor of HIV reverse transcriptase?

A: A vital early stage in the HIV life cycle is the reverse transcription of the viral RNA genome into…

Q: Can host-cell defense molecules be mobilized by drugs to fight infection?

A: Defense mechanism in a human body is divided into two main categories: Innate (the defense mechanism…

Q: What is the immunological function of a Toll-like receptor?

A: Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a group of receptors that serve as the body's first line of defence…

Q: List four classes of antiretroviral drugs and the specificstage of the HIV life cycle that each…

A: HIV can be defined as the type of virus which causes AIDS in the individual. It stands for Human…

Q: How is the gp120 protein important to HIV and its ability to confound the immune system?

A: Envelope glycoprotein GP120 is a glycoprotein exposed on the surface of the HIV envelope.

Q: What role does reverse transcriptase play in HIV infection?

A: HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) is a member of retrovirus family. It damages the immune system…

Q: What is resistance to viral infection

A: Virus resistance is the factor that can disturb the life cycle of viruses. It is decrease in…

Q: how can we protect others and ourselves if we don't know who is infected with covid-19?

A: Coronavirus disease(COVID-19) is defined as an infectious disease that is caused by the recently…

Q: What is the role of tRNAlys in the HIV replication cycle?

A: Transfer RNA is a small RNA molecule that plays a key role in protein synthesis, tRNALys is the tRNA…

Q: What distinguishes a retrovirus from an LTR transposon, and how is this difference enabled?

A: LTR retrotransposons are class I transposable elements characterized by the presence of long…

Q: Given what we know about HIV, describe the impact of this virus on humoral and cellular immunity.…

A: The retrovirus known as HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) preferentially attacks and kills CD4+ T…

Q: Explain : Vpr counteracts LAPTM5 to promote HIV-1 infection in macrophages

A: Vpr means viral protein R and it is a HIV  gene and protein product. This gene is responsible for…

Q: What are some strategiesof the anti-retroviral drugsused in the AIDS treatment?

A: HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is a member of the Retro viral family which causes chronic,…

Q: Explain HIV is so difficult to treat. Why antiviral medication is a cocktail/mixture of different…

A: Ans. HIV-Hummanimmuni deficiency virus. It leads to AIDS and attacks the body's immune system.…

Q: how immunosuppression drugs reactivate herpes simplex virus?

A: Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV), HSV-1 and HSV-2 causes severe Infections and is a large DNA virus. These…

Q: What steps in the viral maturation process are inhibited bynucleoside analogs? By protease…

A: A virus is a microscopic organism that is pathogenic to humans and animals, mainly. The genetic…

Q: Why is gap repair synthesis needed during HIV DNA integration?

A:

Q: What is the role of gp120 in HIV infection?

A: The virus known as HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) targets the immune system of the body. HIV can…

Q: Explain the role of HIV protease during the process of HIV maturation.

A: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a virus which belongs to the genus Lentivirus. This family of…