What is pedigree analysis? Suggest how such an analysis, can be useful.

What are the usefullness of pedigree analysis?

What is a meaning of genetic linkage? How this test is used? Describe the meaning of SNP (single nucleotide polymorphisms) and genetic distance identification which is used in genetic analysis. Knowing that recombination events occur more or less at random along the length of chromosomes, in which case the recombination will occur more frequently between the genes during meiosis: if two genes are closer together two genes are far away from each other there is no impact based on location of two genes. What is a definition of DNA polymorphism and how can this be used for linkage studies? What is a definition of DNA polymorphism and how can this be used for linkage studies?

Does a molecular marker have to be polymorphic to be useful in physical mapping studies? Does a molecular marker have to be polymorphic to be useful in linkage mapping (i.e., involving family pedigree studies or genetic crosses)? Explain why or why not.

What are some of the best methods for solving X- linked recessive and X- linked dominant pedigrees?

What are direct-to-consumer genetic tests? What are some of the concerns about these tests?

What some ways that incomplete penetrance can occur? Give at least two possible ways on why it occurs.

How to build a genetic map? What is necessary? How does it relate to the physical distance? i. If I have 3 genes and want to learn their distance in cM, how many types of crosses do I need? Why?

Discuss the principles of the chromosome theory of inheritance. Which principles were deducedvia light microscopy, and which were deduced from crosses? What modern techniques couldbe used to support the chromosome theory of inheritance?

Use Chi-square to test which of 2 possible ratios is the most probable ratio of progeny kernels. Use this information to determine the cross type and parental genotype. Show your work here or on a separate sheet to receive full credit. Cross type does not refer to the type of epistasis!