WHAT IF? Some membrane proteins diffuse faster in the plasma membrane when the cytoskeleton or the extracellular matrix is artificially removed than when cells are unperturbed. Explain why
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WHAT IF? Some membrane proteins diffuse faster in the plasma membrane when the cytoskeleton or the extracellular matrix is artificially removed than when cells are unperturbed. Explain why.
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- Model 4 - Transport Proteins: Facilitated Diffusion Extracellular Fluid mu Cytoplasmic Fluid Extracellular Fluid wwwwwwy hmmmml Cytoplasmic Fluid www.wmy wwwwwy hummu hmm wwwwwwy immmml wwwwwwwwY immu hmmmml wwwwy hmmmm O wwwwwwy wwwwwwwy imm hmmmmm Y www Y www 10. What appears to be the effect of inserting a protein channel into the membrane on the movement of molecules across the membrane? 11. Is the inner surface (facing the channel) of the embedded protein likely to be polar or nonpolar in the examples shown in Model 4? Is the exterior surface (facing the fatty acid chains of the phospholipids) of the embedded protein likely to be polar or nonpolar? Explain your reasoning. When a membrane protein assists in the passive transport of molecules across a barrier in the direction down their concentration gradient (from high concentration to low concentration) it is called facilitated diffusion. Transport proteins may also be involved in active transport where the cell uses energy from…Integral membrane proteins... Choose all that could apply are bound to the membrane by only interacting with the phospholipid's polar head O contain many amino acids with hydrophobic residues O contain alpha-helical membrane spanning domains O would not be digested by trypsin in a permeabilized cell O interact with the phospholipid core of the phospholipid bilayerFor each of the following scenarios described where a molecule or ion is moving from one side of a membrane to the other, select the method by which the molecule or ion is moving. Each answer can be used more than once, or not at all. - Simple Diffusion - Facilitated diffusion by a channel protein - Facilitated diffusion by a carrier/transport protein - Active transport by a pump - Could be facilitated diffusion by a channel or a carrier; not enough information is given A- While water can freely diffuse across the membrane, it does not do so fast enough for living organisms to function properly. Therefore, membrane proteins known as aquaporins can increase the rate at which water moves across the membrane. The movement of water across the membrane via aquaporins (which do not change shape) is an example of which type of transport? B-Many snake venoms induce paralysis by acting on acetylcholine receptors. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are transmembrane proteins that allow Na+, K+…
- Model 2 - Selectively Permeable Cell Membrane and Simple Diffusion Extracellular Fluid Wwwwww Cytoplasmic Fluid Extracellular Fluid www Cytoplasmic Fluid www w wwwwww www www.x www. www. www www www. ACTE Omw ww ww Type lions Type 2 molecules (glucose) Extracellular Fluid Wwwwwww Cytoplasmic Fluid Extracellular Fluid ww Cytoplasmic Fluid d wwwx w mo AM 8 MO m un www m 8 www www.x www. Summ Type 3 Urea molecules upe 4 oxygen molecules The four diagrams in Model 2 illustrate movement of four types of substances (see the table in Model 1 - the symbols in this model correspond with those from the previous model) across a phospholipid bilayer (extracellular fluid on left and cytoplasmic fluid on right). of 3. Label each diagram in Model 2 with the ion or molecule type (i.e., large/small, polar/nonpolar/charged) based on the information (including the symbols) in Model 1. 4. Assume the substances in Model 2 were on only one side of the membrane to start. The diagrams illustrate what would…10(a) Draw or explain the structure of the plasma membrane, 10(b) explain how the plasma membrane is able to be selectively permeable 10(c) How do small, lipid-based molecules move through the membrane? 10(d) How do large or polar molecules move through the membrane?Osmosis Practice Activity Osmosis is the diffusion of water from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. Only water moves in osmosis! The diagrams below show the concentration of water and salt inside the cell and the concentration of water and salt surrounding the cell. Complete the sentences below by comparing the concentration of the water inside the cell and the concentration outside the cell. 1. a. Water will flow the cell, out of the cell, in both directions). (into 5% NaCl 95% H20 95% NaCI 5% H20 b. The cell will (shrink, burst, stay the same). a. Water will flow (into the cell. 2. 5% NaCl out of the cell, in both directions). 5% NaCl 95% H20 95% H20 b. The cell will (shrink, burst, stay the same).
- What Osmotic conditions would be favored by Plant and Animal cells? Why? Explain what is meant by the Fluid Mosaic Model of Membrane Structure. What are the various functions of membrane proteins? Explain the different forms of membrane transport: Passive, Facilitated, Active. Describe the bulk transport mechanisms of Endocytosis and Exocytosis.A2 Which of the following statements is NOT correct about the phospholipid molecules in the plasma membrane? * O The polar heads face outward The nonpolar tails face inward. O The polar heads are hydrophobic. O The nonpolar tails are hydrophobic. The phospholipids form a bilayer. This is a required questionCalculate the free energy changes at 20°C for the transmembrane movement of Na and K ions using the conditions presented Figure 9.1. Assume the membrane potential is -70 mV. Use 3 significant figures. AG (Na) - AG (K) = kJ. mol ¹ kJ mol2 A
- Q1: In what ways is the plasma membrane a barrier, and in what ways is it a gatekeeper? Q2: Why can’t ions (such as Na+) cross the plasma membrane without the help of a transport protein? Q3: If no energy were available to the cell, what forms of transport would not be able to occur? What forms of transport could occur?A scientist compares the plasma membrane composition of an animal from the Mediterranean coast with one from the Mojave Desert. Which hypothesis is most likely to be correct? The cells from the Mediterranean coast animal will have more fluid plasma membranes The cells from the Mojave Desert animal will have a higher cholesterol concentration in the plasma membranes The cells’ plasma membranes will be indistinguishable The cells from the Mediterranean coast animal will have a higher glycoprotein content, while the cells from the Mojave Desert animal will have a higher lipoprotein content.WHAT IF? If the plant cell wall or the animal extracellular matrix were impermeable, what effect would thishave on cell function?