What happens if we cover the entire receptive field of an off-center, on-surround ganglion cell with light? A) The cell produces a moderate amount of action potentials, similar to when it is in the dark. B) The cell initially becomes more active, because light is now present, but then reduces its activity quickly. C) The cell becomes much less active than it is in the dark. D) The cell becomes much more active than it is in the dark.

Consider the image.  The neuron labeled number _____ in the figure is a motor neuron; its function is _____. A)2; stimulating muscles or glands B)3; stimulating muscles or glands C)1; connecting different types of neurons D)3; connecting different types of neurons

Retinal is therefore a key player that triggers a series of activation in phototransduction (see figure below). Phototransduction in photoreceptor cells Disc membrane 1000000000…………………………. Disc lumen Light Rhodopsin GDP Transducin Photoreceptor cytosol GTP GTP GTP PDE CGMP CGMP inhibition CGMP GMP PDE6i GMP GMP Extracellular environment Plasma membrane 1. Light hits the retinal molecule and changes into an all-trans configuration 2. This change in the retinal conformation activates the rhodopsin photoreceptor 3. The rhodopsin photoreceptor then activates a specific heterotrimeric G protein called transducin. 4. The transducin then activates a downstream protein called PDE. Both PDE and the transducin G protein are attached to the plasma membrane by a lipid anchor. This makes them close to each other and facilitates the activation of PDE by the transducin G protein. The activity of the protein PDE can itself be regulated. It can for example be inhibited by a drug called PDE6i. 7. What…

Which statement is true regarding the nervous system?  a) Damaged myelin on an axon has no effect with its ability to transmit an action potential b) Depolarization is the reduction of the membrane potential; going from negative to a more positive charge c) Neuroglia cells are only responsible for providing immunity to the nervous cells d) Neurons can communicate with other cells without the use of neurotransmitters