What feature does Bacillus and Clostridium have in common that is not found among most other bacteria? a. Axial filament b. Form Endospores c. High concentration of lipids in cell wall d. Branching cells e. Obligate Intracellular Parasite All of the following pertain to the plague except... a. Rats are reservoirs b. Fleas serve as vectors c. Outbreaks have never occurred in the U.S. d. Pneumonic type transmitted by aerosol droplets e. Produces swollen lymph nodes Which is not true of virus capsids? a. They surround and protect viral nucleic acid b. Always icosahedral in shape c. Remain outside of host bacterial cells while the nucleic acid is injected into the bacterial cell d. Enters host animal cells together with the nucleic acid e. Made up of protein subunits called capsomeres All viruses have: a. DNA b. RNA c. Envelopes d. Glycoprotein spikes e. Host specificity Use the following to select the sequence of events during replication of DNA viruses in animal cells: 1 = replication of viral nucleic acid 2 = adsorption 3 = maturation (assembly) 4 = penetration followed by uncoating of nucleic acid 5 = release of virus by budding or cell lysis a. 2,4,1,3,5 b. 2,5,1,4,3 c. 3,2,1,5,4 d. 2,5,4,1,3 e. 5,1,4,2,3 Bacteriophage replication differs from animal virus replication because only bacteriophage replication involves: a. Adsorption to specific receptors b. Assembly of viral components c. Replication of viral nucleic acid d. Injection of naked nucleic acid into host cell e. Lysis of host cell A virus’s ability to infect an animal cell depends primarily on... a. Host cells’ ability to phagocytized viral particles b. Presence of receptor sites on the cell membrane c. Type of viral nucleic acid d. Enzymatic activity of host cell e. Presence of pili on cell wall The protein outer coat of a virus particle is called a... a. Nucleocapsid b. Capsomere c. Genome d. Capsid e. Cell wall Which of the following viruses is capable of reverse transcription of their nucleic acid followed by integration of this DNA as a provirus into the host chromosome? a. Herpes simplex b. Papillomavirus c. HIV d. Hepatitis B virus e. Rabies virus A virion is... a. A complete, infectious virus particle b. A naked, infectious piece of RNA c. A capsid without a nucleic acid d. A provirus e. None of the above Which of the following is NOT true about viruses? a. Viruses contain DNA or RNA but never both b. Viruses contain a protein coat c. Viruses use the anabolic machinery of the cell d. Viruses use their own catabolic enzymes e. None of the above The sudden increase in the occurrence of a disease above the expected level is called...? a. Sporadic b. Hyperendemic c. Endemic d. Epidemic A(n) ___________ is an increase in disease occurrence within a large population over a very wide region (usually the world). a. Endemic b. Pandemic c. Epidemic d. Sporadic Diseases of animals that can be transmitted to humans are called...? a. Animal and Human diseases b. Zoonoses c. Communicable diseases d. Contagious diseases The ___________ rate refers to the total number of individuals infected at any one time regardless of when the disease began. a. Prevalence b. Morbidity c. Mortality d. Index The first link in the infectious disease cycle is the...? a. Source b. Reservoir c. Organism d. Transmission The site or natural environmental location in which the causative organism is normally found is called the...? a. Reservoir b. Source c. Carrier d. Animate phase An infected individual who is a potential source of infection for others and plays an important role in the epidemiology of the disease is a ...? a. Carrier b. Reservoir c. Host d. Index case Individuals who harbor an organism for long periods are called...? a. Chronic carriers b. Causal carriers c. Acute carriers d. Transient carriers In which type of transmission is the organism truly suspended and travels over a meter or more from the source to the host? a. Contact b. Airborne c. Vehicle d. Vector-borne __________ contact refers to the transmission of an infectious organism from the source to the host via an intermediary. a. Direct b. Person-to-person c. Indirect d. Droplet __________ contact implies a coming together or touching between the source or reservoir of the infectious disease organism and the host. a. Direct b. Person-to-person c. Indirect d. Droplet Which of the following is not normally a mechanism of introduction of airborne organisms into the air from humans or animals? a. Sneezing b. Evaporation of sweat c. Coughing d. Vocalization (talking) Inanimate objects involved in the transmission of an infectious organism are called __________? a. Vector b. Host c. Fomites d. Reservoir Absence of all life forms...? a. Clean b. Disinfected c. Sterile d. Aseptic e. Sanitized Which is mismatched? a. Bacteriostatic – kills vegetative bacterial cells b. Germicide – kills microbes c. Viricide –kills viruses d. Sporicide – kills bacterial endospores and fungal spores e. Fungicide – kills yeasts and molds
What feature does Bacillus and Clostridium have in common that is not found among most other bacteria?
a. Axial filament
b. Form Endospores
c. High concentration of lipids in cell wall d. Branching cells
e. Obligate Intracellular
All of the following pertain to the plague except... a. Rats are reservoirs
b. Fleas serve as vectors
c. Outbreaks have never occurred in the U.S.
d. Pneumonic type transmitted by aerosol droplets e. Produces swollen lymph nodes
Which is not true of virus capsids?
a. They surround and protect viral
b. Always icosahedral in shape
c. Remain outside of host bacterial cells while the nucleic acid is injected into the bacterial
cell
d. Enters host animal cells together with the nucleic acid e. Made up of protein subunits called capsomeres
All viruses have: a. DNA
b. RNA
c. Envelopes
d. Glycoprotein spikes
e. Host specificity
Use the following to select the sequence of events during replication of DNA viruses in animal
cells:
1 = replication of viral nucleic acid
2 = adsorption
3 = maturation (assembly)
4 = penetration followed by uncoating of nucleic acid 5 = release of virus by budding or cell lysis
a. 2,4,1,3,5 b. 2,5,1,4,3 c. 3,2,1,5,4 d. 2,5,4,1,3 e. 5,1,4,2,3
Bacteriophage replication differs from animal virus replication because only bacteriophage replication involves:
a. Adsorption to specific receptors
b. Assembly of viral components
c. Replication of viral nucleic acid
d. Injection of naked nucleic acid into host cell e. Lysis of host cell
A virus’s ability to infect an animal cell depends primarily on... a. Host cells’ ability to phagocytized viral particles
b. Presence of receptor sites on the cell membrane
c. Type of viral nucleic acid
d. Enzymatic activity of host cell
e. Presence of pili on cell wall
The protein outer coat of a virus particle is called a...
a. Nucleocapsid
b. Capsomere
c. Genome
d. Capsid
e. Cell wall
Which of the following viruses is capable of reverse transcription of their nucleic acid followed by integration of this DNA as a provirus into the host chromosome?
a. Herpes simplex
b. Papillomavirus
c. HIV
d. Hepatitis B virus
e. Rabies virus
A virion is...
a. A complete, infectious virus particle b. A naked, infectious piece of RNA
c. A capsid without a nucleic acid
d. A provirus
e. None of the above
Which of the following is NOT true about viruses?
a. Viruses contain DNA or RNA but never both
b. Viruses contain a protein coat
c. Viruses use the anabolic machinery of the cell
d. Viruses use their own catabolic enzymes
e. None of the above
The sudden increase in the occurrence of a disease above the expected level is called...?
a. Sporadic
b. Hyperendemic
c. Endemic
d. Epidemic
A(n) ___________ is an increase in disease occurrence within a large population over a very wide region (usually the world).
a. Endemic
b. Pandemic
c. Epidemic
d. Sporadic
Diseases of animals that can be transmitted to humans are called...?
a. Animal and Human diseases
b. Zoonoses
c. Communicable diseases
d. Contagious diseases
The ___________ rate refers to the total number of individuals infected at any one time regardless of when the disease began.
a. Prevalence
b. Morbidity
c. Mortality
d. Index
The first link in the infectious disease cycle is the...?
a. Source
b. Reservoir
c. Organism
d. Transmission
The site or natural environmental location in which the causative organism is normally found is called the...?
a. Reservoir
b. Source
c. Carrier
d. Animate phase
An infected individual who is a potential source of infection for others and plays an important role in the epidemiology of the disease is a ...?
a. Carrier
b. Reservoir c. Host
d. Index case
Individuals who harbor an organism for long periods are called...? a. Chronic carriers
b. Causal carriers
c. Acute carriers
d. Transient carriers
In which type of transmission is the organism truly suspended and travels over a meter or more from the source to the host?
a. Contact
b. Airborne
c. Vehicle
d. Vector-borne
__________ contact refers to the transmission of an infectious organism from the source to the host via an intermediary.
a. Direct
b. Person-to-person c. Indirect
d. Droplet
__________ contact implies a coming together or touching between the source or reservoir of the infectious disease organism and the host.
a. Direct
b. Person-to-person c. Indirect
d. Droplet
Which of the following is not normally a mechanism of introduction of airborne organisms into the air from humans or animals?
a. Sneezing
b. Evaporation of sweat c. Coughing
d. Vocalization (talking)
Inanimate objects involved in the transmission of an infectious organism are called __________?
a. Vector
b. Host
c. Fomites
d. Reservoir
Absence of all life forms...? a. Clean
b. Disinfected c. Sterile
d. Aseptic
e. Sanitized
Which is mismatched?
a. Bacteriostatic – kills vegetative bacterial cells
b. Germicide – kills microbes
c. Viricide –kills viruses
d. Sporicide – kills bacterial endospores and fungal spores e. Fungicide – kills yeasts and molds
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