What does the graph tell you about the relationship between  Mg2+  concentration and ATP hydrolysis? What is the mechanism that explains the relationship between  Mg2+  concentration and ATP hydrolysis?

If 100% of the free energy from the metabolism of glucose is used for the conversion of ADP to ATP, how manymolecules of ATP can be produced from each gram of glucose (mm = 180.16)?

How many grams (net) of the following metabolites (ATP, NADH, Ethanol, and CO2) will be produced during glycolysis-alcoholic fermentation from 360 grams of Fructose? Write the numbers only (NO UNITS) of each metabolite. Molecular Weights: Fructose = 180, ATP = 500, Ethanol = 46, CO2 = 44, NADH = 663 %3D ATP = grams, NADH = grams, Ethanol = grams, CO2 = grams

How many net ATP are produced from the complete oxidation of one molecule of 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate (1,3 BPG) in a neuron?

The coenzymes NAD+ and NADP+ are important electron carriers that pick up electrons from one pathway and deliver them to another. Below is a list of pathways or enzyme complexes that we have covered in class.  Indicate which coenzyme these pathways or complexes produce by writing NAD+, NADP+, NADH or NADPH in the blank provided.    ________ glycolysis ________ citric acid cycle ________ alcoholic fermentation ________ pyruvate dehydrogenase complex ________ gluconeogenesis ________ mitochondrial electron transport ________ photosynthesis light reactions ________ photosynthesis dark reactions

During glycolysis (under anaerobic conditions), for each glucose molecule broken down, how many ATP molecules are used and how many are made in total? A diagram summarizing the different reactions of glycolysis is given below. ATP ADP ATP ADP Glucose Glucose-6-phosphate Fructose-6-phosphate Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate Dihydroxyacetone phosphate 2 (Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate) Glyceraldehyde- 3-phosphate 2 (1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate) 2 (3-Phosphoglycerate) 2 (2-Phosphoglycerate) 2 H₂O 2 (Phosphoenolpyruvate) 2 (Pyruvate) 2 NAD+ + 2Pi 2 NADH + 2H 2 ADP 2 ATP -2 ADP 2 ATP 2 ATP molecules are used and 2 ATP molecules are made 2 ATP molecules are used and 4 ATP molecules are made O 6 ATP molecules are used and no ATP molecules are made O 4 ATP molecules are used and 2 ATP molecules are made O No ATP molecules are used and 6 ATP molecules are made

The free energy change of each step of glycolysis is given in the table below. ∆G°’ is the free energy under standard conditions (25°C, 1M each reactant, pH 7), while ∆G is the free energy change at presumed physiological conditions. Why must no step have a positive ∆G under physiological conditions?

Under aerobic conditions of high ratios of NADH/NAD+ and ATP/ADP, as pyruvate is utilized for its carbon skeleton, which molecules would you expect to see significant radiolabeling in the liver? Select all that apply. **Please note some molecules contain more details, including not only molecule name, but location of the label. Pick the options that are accurate for the above situation. Glucose C-2 and C-5 Glucose C-1 and C-6 Glucose C-2 only Pyruvate C-1 Lactate C-2 for export CO, from TCA cycle shows some radiolabel Label is halved over many TCA cycles Oxaloacetate Malate

The reaction pictured is an oxidation-reduction reaction in the citric acid cycle in which the energy-carrier molecule NADH is generated. Identify which molecule in the reaction will be oxidized and which molecule will be reduced. Place a single answer choice in each box. COO- HO-C-H H-C-H COO- Malate NAD+ NADH + H+ Oxidized malate oxaloacetate COO- H-C-H ī COO- Oxaloacetate Reduced NADH NAD+

Draw OUT THE arrow pushing reaction mechanism for the following steps of glycolysis: SHOW/IDENTIFY the arrow pushing mechanism in at least 2 steps. CH,OPO CH,OH hexokinase 2+ H H H H H H ОН + ATP OH H ADP + H+ H ОН + НО HO OH H ОН H ОН Glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) Glucose