What catalyst facilitates the 1 hydrolysis and denaturation of the entire structure enclosed in the pink box?
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- The glycosaminoglycan polysaccharide chainsthat are linked to specific core proteins to form the pro-teoglycan components of the extracellular space arehighly negatively charged. How do you suppose thesenegatively charged polysaccharide chains help to estab-lish a hydrated gel-like environment around the cell? Howwould the properties of these molecules differ if the poly-saccharide chains were uncharged?Proteoglycan aggregates in tissues form hydrated, viscousgels. Can you think of any obvious mechanical reason whytheir capacity to form gels is important to cell function?[Hint: Liquid water is virtually incompressible.]Mutations in the nuclear laminproteins cause a large number ofdiseases called laminopathies. What dowe not understand about the nuclearlamina that could account for this fact?
- Each of the ff. involves a disorder in the function of an organelle or other cell structure. Identify the cell organelle or cell structure involved and indicate whether it is likely to be underactive or active. a) A baby is placed on a low phenylalanine diet as his newborn screening results revealed that he inherited phenylketonuria. b) A girl suddenly felt weak and manifested cyanide poisoning symptoms after ingesting undercooked cassava which contains cyanoglycosides. c) A man develops pleiomorphic liposarcoma (rare cancer). The cause of the problem is a hard mass of cells in his right inner thigh that rapidly increased in size in a matter of 2 months. d) A male chef learns that he is infertile because his sperm are non-motile. Helping tags: biology, cell biology, cell structure, cell organellePathogenic E. coil have recently been shown to degrade tight junction proteins during infection. How would this provide an advantage to the bacteria?What molecule facilitates the bending of the ER membraane when a COPII-coated vesicle is formed on the surface of the ER?
- NAZO NHZ Ala-Cys-Glu -Tyr - Trp - Lys - Arg - His -Pro-G ly Glu pka 4.15 SH Tyr 10.10 Draw Charges Lys 10.67 Olt A3 12.10 +NH₂ Ntrm 2) Calculate net charge 3) write out I letter code 300 Ctim 3 juli of peptich (above) Ⓒ pH; 1,7,12Why would it be incorrect to refer to the formed elements as cells?Melanosomes are specialized lysosomes that storepigments for eventual release by exocytosis. Various cellssuch as skin and hair cells then take up the pigment, whichaccounts for their characteristic pigmentation. Mousemutants that have defective melanosomes often have paleor unusual coat colors. One such light-colored mouse, theMocha mouse (Figure Q13–3), has a defect in the gene forone of the subunits of the adaptor protein complex AP3,which is associated with coated vesicles budding from thetrans Golgi network. How might the loss of AP3 cause adefect in melanosomes?
- Glycophorin, a protein in the plasma membraneof the red blood cell, normally exists as a homodimer thatis held together entirely by interactions between its trans-membrane domains. Since transmembrane domains arehydrophobic, how is it that they can associate with oneanother so specifically?One of the blocking solutions that is traditionally used is non-fat milk, but this is not recommended for studies of phosphoproteins. Why?Imagine that you could microinject cytochrome cinto the cytosol of wild-type mammalian cells and of cellsthat were doubly defective for Bax and Bak. Would youexpect one, both, or neither type of cell to undergo apopto-sis? Explain your reasoning.
