What are two reasons microbes will produce toxins?

Q: Why doesn't a long lasting vaccine against common cold exist yet?

A: Common cold is most common viral infection that affect the upper respiratory tract of humans.

Q: There are fewer antifungal, anti protozoal, and antihelminth drugs compared to antibacterial drugs…

A: The antifungal drug is a drug that is used to kill the fungus. The antiprotozoal drug is a drug that…

Q: What is the difference between an antibody and an antibiotic?

A: Introduction  Microorganisms are widely distributed and can be found in almost all type of…

Q: What is Interleukin 1 (IL-1)?

A: The immune system has a vital role in protecting the body from outside pathogens (bacteria, viruses,…

Q: What could the overuse of anti-bacterial agents lead to?

A: Bacteria is unicellular prokaryotic organisms containing primitive nucleus that can survive under…

Q: What phrases do the CDC and other leading officials now use to describe the risk of contracting…

A: Covid-19 is a deadly, infectious disease that has resulted in a global pandemic. It is caused by a…

Q: What is the relationship between the superantigens of S. aureus and the organism’s production of…

A: Staphylococcus aureus is a round-shaped, Gram-positive bacterium. It causes a range of illnesses. It…

Q: Substances that are naturally produced by certain microrganisms that can inhibit or destroy other…

A: Microorganisms are found almost everywhere in nature and have developed mechanisms to grow and…

Q: What can be done to prevent the spread of these resistant microbes in the hospital?

A: Resistant microbes cause a major threat of nosocomial infections in hospitals. Healthcare personnel…

Q: Comparing the number of infections, people catch cold so much more often than flu .Why haven’t we…

A: Vaccination is the artificial way of injecting the pathogen either dead or alive so as to prevent…

Q: Which statement among A-D is false regarding bacterial toxins? A) O Hemolysins are cell membrane…

A: Toxins refer to poisonous substances that include a class of small molecules and proteins, which are…

Q: How does the E. coli strain 026:H11 damage its victims?

A: The enterohaemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) serotype O26 is the second most common enterohaemorrhagic E.…

Q: What is a chronic and an infectious disease prevalent in the United States?

A: Chronic diseases are the one's who's condition lasts for year or more than a year, this may require…

Q: Why are Koch’s postulates not sufficient to establish the cause of all infectious diseases?

A: Koch's postulations are the criteria developed to establish between the microbe and disease. Robert…

Q: What is the source of Interleukin 2?

A: Interleukin It is a group of naturally occurring proteins that mediate communication between cells.…

Q: When a food handler doesn't wash their hands after using the bathroom and introduces noravirus…

A: Introduction  Any change in the body's physicality or function causing discomfort or disability is…

Q: What is the difference between bacterial vs. viral illnesses?

A: Infection occurs when a harmful, disease-causing microorganism invades and multiplies within the…

Q: What is the germ theory of disease? why it is essential to the treatment of infectious diseases?

A: Microbiology is the study of microorganisms that are invisible to the naked eye. The microorganisms…

Q: What is the nature of infectious disease?

A: Pathogenic microorganisms, such as bacteria , viruses , parasites or fungi, cause infectious…

Q: What are the immune responses to viral infections? What is the difference between epidemic and…

A: An epidemic refers to the occurrence of an infectious disease in a population or region that is…

Q: An elderly woman took a prescription medicine to help her to sleep; however, she felt restless all…

A: Sleeping tablets are prescribed to treat insomnia. They fall under the category of…

Q: Why are some pathogens more noticeable than others?

A: A pathogen is an organism that causes disease in its host, with virulence referring to the intensity…

Q: 1) Which of the following apply(ies) to Bacillus cereus and Bacillus anthracis? Choose all that…

A: Bacillus is a genus of Gram-positive, bacilli, or rod-shaped bacteria. B. anthracis is the causative…

Q: What is a zoonotic disease? A disease reservoir?

A: Disease transmission indicates the mode of how the diseases spread from one another.

Q: 99 A 27-year-old woman who was abused as a child fears abusing her children, instead, she is overly…

A: The study of the mind and behaviour is known as psychology. Psychology is the study of both…

Q: to immunotechnology, answer the following: Give ONE main difference between: Murine MABs and fully…

A: The capability of the body to induce immune response is called immunity. The foreign particle that…

Q: The 2020 flu shot is an _____  virus vaccine made against three _____ of influenza predicted to…

A: The 2020 flu shot is an attenuated vaccine. Attenuated vaccines contain a live weakened virus that…

Q: Give an example of preventing infection for each element of the infection chain ?

A: Infection It is the process of interaction that occurs between pathogens and susceptible host. There…

Q: What is Interleukin 2 (IL-2)?

A: The immune system is actively involved in preventing pathogens and other foreign particles from…

Q: Drug-resistant TB can be acquired via sequential mutations in the pathogen’s genome, or via…

A: Bacteria can reach to large numbers by growing and multiplying quickly. During bacterial…

Q: What is the major difference between common cold and flu? Why has no vaccine been developed for the…

A: Respiratory disorder causes several structural and functional alterations such as detachment of…

Q: What part of the connexin molecule encodes functional specificity and how do these specificities…

A: Cells together form tissue to perform specific functions. Although these cells are nearby , they…

Q: What conditions compromise host defenses against microorganisms?

A: The term "human microbiome" refers to the complex biological system of microbes that resides in and…

Q: In relation to immunotechnology, answer the following:Give ONE main difference between: Murine MABs…

A: MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY Monoclonal antibodies (MABs) are antigen-recognizing glycoproteins that are made…

Q: Contains a bait molecule which sequesters and inactivates microbial proteases. Small protein…

A: Defensins, pentatraxins, bradykinin, psoriasis and alpha2 macroglobulin are molecules which have…

Q: Compare endotoxins and exotoxins produced by bacteria to include: 1) the type(s) or source(s) of…

A: The bacteria are responsible for the production and release of toxins in the environment that is…