What are the three layers within turbulent flow? In which layer is the velocity smallest and in which layer is the turbulent portion of the shear stress dominant?
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What are the three layers within turbulent flow? In which layer is the velocity smallest and in which layer is the turbulent portion of the shear stress dominant?
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- What are the two mechanisms theoretically considered in turbulent flow?Consider two cases involving parallel flow of dry air at V = 3 m/s, T = 45°C, and atmospheric pressure over an isothermal plate at T = 20°C. In the first case, Rex = 5 x 105, while in the second case the flow is tripped to a turbulent state at x = 0 m. At what x-location, in m, are the thermal boundary layer thicknesses of the two cases equal? What are the local heat fluxes, in W/m², at this location for the two cases? x = 91am = qurb = i i m W/m² W/m²Consider a flat plate subjected to parallel flow (top and bottom) characterized by u∞ = 40 m/s, T∞ = 20 °C, and drag force, FD = 0.075 N. Determine the average convection heat transfer coefficient, and convective heat transfer rate associated with an L = 0.2 m long, w = 0.2 m wide flat plate when the surface temperature is Ts = 120 °C. Air (P = 1 atm, Tf = 70°C): Pr = 0.704, k = 28.0 × 10-3 W/m⋅K, cp = 1009 J/kg⋅K, ν = 1.82 × 10-5 m2/s, ρ = 1.085 kg/m3
- (b) In turbulent flows contrast the approaches that are used to represent the velocity profile within the boundary layer and comment on any limitations that each may offer.Consider two cases involving parallel flow of dry air at V = 4.5 m/s, T, = 45°C, and atmospheric pressure over an isothermal plate at T = 20°C. In the first case, Re= 5x 105, while in the second case the flow is tripped to a turbulent state atx = 0 m. At whatx -location, in m, are the thermal boundary layer thicknesses of the two cases equal? What are the local heat fluxes, in W/m?, at this location for the two cases? x = i m Jam i W/m? i W/m? I turbA sphere of diameter 10 mm and density 7700 kg/ m3 falls under gravity at terminal conditions through a liquid of density 900 kg/ m3 in a tube of diameter 12 mm. After reaching terminal velocity, the ball falls 5 cm in 31.3 seconds. Using the Francis wall correction factor: fw = (1-x/D)2.25 where x is the particle diameter and D is the diameter of the tube and fw is the wall factor (the velocity in the tube / velocity in an infinitely large tube), determine the: a) viscosity (Pa s) of the fluid if Stokes law applies (Correct Answers: 4.118) b) Reynolds number if the fluid viscosity is given in the previous part (Correct Answers: 0.1967) c) minimum viscosity where the Re <= 0.3 (Correct Answers: 2.7) I need help with the steps! Please help
- 8. A lead pipe has 2 cm inside diameter, 3 cm outer diameter, length of 130 cm. Liquid water at 4°C flows through the pipe with a bulk velocity of 0.03 km/hr. Air is blown around the outside of the pipe at 20 deg C. The inside wall of the said pipe has a temperature of 8 deg Celsius. Density of liquid water= 1000 kg/m³ Cp water=4.210 J/kgK Viscosity of liquid water= 1.5674 x10° Pa.s thermal conductivity of lead = 35 W/mK thermal conductivity of water = 0.575 W/mK Find: Overall heat coefficient (U) based on outside surface area b. System's heat transfer rate Prandtl (Pr), Reynolds (Re) numbers and type of flow а. с.Consider two cases involving parallel flow of dry air at V = 1.5 m/s, T=45°C, and atmospheric pressure over an isothermal plate at T = 20°C. In the first case, Rex, = 5 x 105, while in the second case the flow is tripped to a turbulent state at x = 0 m. At what x -location, in m, are the thermal boundary layer thicknesses of the two cases equal? What are the local heat fluxes, in W/m², at this location for the two cases? x = 9jam 9 turb II = i i m W/m² W/m²Air at 20 ◦ C flows inside a pipe 18-mm-ID having a uniform heat flux of 150 W/m 2 on the surface, the average flow velocity at entry being 1.0 m/s. The air pressure is 2 bar. Determine the value of convection coefficient. If the pipe is 2.5 m long, determine the air exit temperature and the wall temperature at the exit. Assume fully developed hydrodynamic boundary layer.
- A flat plate of width 1 m and length 0.2 m is maintained at a temperature of 32 °C. Water at 22 °C flows across the top of the plate in parallel flow (see diagram below). Determine (a) the average convection heat transfer coefficient, and (b) the convection heat transfer rate from the top of the plate when water has a flow rate of 0.5 m/s. Assume steady-state, and find water properties in the "Given information page". Water w = 1 m L= 0.2 mConsider two cases involving parallel flow of dry air at V = 5 m/s, T = 45°C, and atmospheric pressure over an isothermal plate at T = 20°C. In the first case, Rex, = 5 x 105, while in the second case the flow is tripped to a turbulent state at x = 0 m. At what x-location, in m, are the thermal boundary layer thicknesses of the two cases equal? What are the local heat fluxes, in W/m², at this location for the two cases? x = d'am = qturb = Mc i m W/m² W/m²describe thickness of the boundary layer in laminarand turbulent flows, Boundary layer separation and methods to avoid theseparation of the boundary layer, and Magnus effect etc