Observational Studies and Experiments PracticeExplanatory2 pointsWhat are the effects of repeated exposure to an advertising message? The answer may depend on both the length of the ad and on how often it is repeated. Anexperiment investigated this question using undergraduate students as subjects. All subject viewed a 40-minute television program that included ads for adigital camera. Some subjects saw a 30-second commercial; others a 90-seconds version. The same commercial was shown either 1, 3, or 5 times during theprogram. After viewing, all the subjects answered questions about their recall of the ad, their attitude toward the camera, and their intention to purchase it.Identify the explanatory and response variables.Possible answersNo Answers Chosenattitude towards cameraintention to purchase the camera6Responselength of commercialNo Answers Chosennumber of timesReturnOSubmit

There are two types of variables, they are independent and dependent variable. Independent variable…

Answered: What are the effects of repeated…

A First Course in Probability (10th Edition)

10th Edition

ISBN:9780134753119

Author:Sheldon Ross

Publisher:Sheldon Ross

Chapter1: Combinatorial Analysis

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1.1P: a. How many different 7-place license plates are possible if the first 2 places are for letters and...

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When choosing an item from a group, researchers have shown that an important factor influencing choice is the item's location. This occurs in varied situations such as shelf positions when shopping, filling out a questionnaire, and even when choosing a preferred candidate during a presidential debate. In this experiment, five identical pairs of white socks were displayed by attaching them vertically to a blue background that was then mounted on an easel for viewing. One hundred participants from the University of Chester were used as subjects and asked to choose their preferred pairs of socks. In choice situations of this type, subjects often exhibit the "center stage effect," which is a tendency to choose the item in the center. In this experiment, 34 subjects chose the pair of socks in the center. Are these data evidence of the "center stage effect"? STATE: Are the students choosing pairs of socks randomly? If the students were choosing socks at random, what would be the chance, ?0,…
In a 2015 nationally-representative sample of youth in grades 9-12: 22.6% reported being in a physical fight in the 12 months preceding the survey; the prevalence was higher among males (28.4%) than females (16.5%). 16.2% reported carrying a weapon (gun, knife, or club) on one or more days in the 30 days preceding the survey; the prevalence was higher among males (24.3%) than females (7.5%). 5.3% reported carrying a gun on one or more days in the 30 days preceding the survey; the prevalence was higher among males (8.7%) than females (1.6%). Make an inference: What do these statistics reveal about teenagers and violence?
A tutor who teaches four tutorials is interested in exploring whether certain colours are better than others for student learning. To test this, she designed an experiment to see whether different colour PowerPoint slides impact students’ final exam grades. Each of the tutor’s four tutorials were presented with a different colour background in the PowerPoint slides throughout the semester (red, blue, yellow or green). The average final exam grade for each class was measured. What test would the tutor use to determine whether there were any differences in final exam grades between the classes? One-way independent groups ANOVA Repeated measures ANOVA Pearson's correlation Independent groups t-test
A researcher is interested in whether a new antidepressant drug D has an effect on people's self-rating of depression. She randomly assigns 12 people into two groups so that each group has 6 people. One group is given drug D daily, and the other group is not given drug D. Call these the Drug group and the No Drug group, respectively. After one month of treatment, all 12 people were asked to rate on a scale from 1 to 7 how depressed they felt, where 1 = not depressed at all and 7 = very depressed. The following are the data: Drug No Drug 2 4 3 5 4 5 4 4 2 6 3 6 nD = 6 nND = 6 MD = 3 MND = 5 sD = 0.89 sND = 0.89 Using an α-level of .05, perform a two-tailed t-test to determine whether there was an effect of Drug D on depression ratings. Specifically, answer the following questions: What is the total degrees of freedom for this problem? Calculate the standard error of the…
It is often useful for retailers to determine why their potential customers chose to visit their store. Possible reasons include advertising, advice from a friend, or previous experience. To determine the effect of full-page advertisements in the local newspaper, the owner of an electronic-equipment store asked randomly selected people who visited the store whether they had seen the ad. He also determined whether the customers had bought anything, and if so, how much they spent. Among the respondents who saw the ad, 49 made an average purchase of $97.38 with a variance of $622. Among the respondents who did not see the ad, 21 made an average purchase of $92.01 with a variance of $283.3. Can the owner conclude that customers who see the ad spend more than those who do not see the ad (among those who make a purchase) at 5% significance level? Population: One Two Multiple Formula #: Answer Hypothesis Null H0 : (μ, π, σ², μd, μ1 - μ2, π1- π2, σ₁²…
In a statistics activity, students are asked to spin a penny and a dime and determine the proportion of times that each lands with tails up. The students believe that since a dime is lighter, it will have a lower proportion of times landing tails up compared to the penny. The students are instructed to spin the penny and the dime 30 times and record the number of times each lands tails up. For one student, the penny lands tails side up 18 times, and the dime lands tails side up 20 times. Let PD = the true proportion of times a dime will land tails up and pp = the true proportion of times a penny will land tails up. Which of the following is the correct standardized test statistic and P-value for the hypotheses, Ho: Po-Pp= 0 and H₂: Po-Pp<0?
A recent study examined the drinking behaviors of undergraduate college students (male and female freshmen). Each participant was asked how many alcoholic beverages they consumed during the past 7 days. The researchers wish to determine if there is a difference in the drinking habits of males and females in this age group. A recent study examined the drinking behaviors of undergraduate college students (male and female freshmen). Each participant was asked how many alcoholic beverages they consumed during the past 7 days. The researchers wish to determine if there is a difference in the drinking habits of male and females in this age group. Female Male 9 13 5 9 5 7 9 11 8 10 3 5 5 6 2 10 1 16 7 12 Which type of test will you run? What is the independent variable? What is the dependent variable?
New research on the effects of social media usage has been mixed. Some studies have found that social media helps people stay connected to others, and can be a positive source of social support. Other studies have found that social media makes people feel lonely and unhappy. I decide to do my own study to see whether social media has an effect on how many close friends people have. I conduct an internet survey of 1000 people and ask them how many hours a week they spend on social media and how many close friends they have. In the study respondents spent 10 hours a week using social media, and had 4 close friends, on average. The standard deviations for social media usage and close friends were 4 hours and 2 friends, respectively. The correlation (r) between social media and friends was -.3.
Do people feel hungrier after sampling a healthy food? The authors of a consumer research paper carried out a study to answer this question. They randomly assigned volunteers into one of three groups. The people in the first group were asked to taste a snack that was described as a new health bar containing high levels of protein, vitamins, and fiber. The people in the second group were asked to taste the same snack but were told it was a tasty chocolate bar with a raspberry center. After tasting the snack, participants were asked to rate their hunger level on a scale from 1 (not at all hungry) to 7 (very hungry). The people in the third group were asked to rate their hunger but were not given a snack. The data in the table are consistent with summary quantities given in the paper (although the sample sizes in the actual study were larger). TreatmentGroup Hunger Rating SampleMean SampleStandardDeviation Healthy 5 8 7 4 7 3 4 7 6 5.6667 1.7321 Tasty 4 1 5 2 6 2 5 3 4 3.5556…
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A randomly sampled group of patients at a major U.S. regional hospital became part of a nutrition study on dietary habits. Part of the study consisted of a 50-question survey asking about types of foods consumed. Each question was scored on a scale from one (most unhealthy behavior) to five (most healthy behavior). The answers were summed and averaged. The population of interest is the patients at the regional hospital. The current survey was implemented after patients were subjected to this education, and it produced the following sample statistics for 25 patients sampled: and s = 1.02. We would like to know if the education improved nutrition behavior. We test the hypotheses H 0: = 2.9 versus Ha: > 2.9. The value of the t test is 1.96, and: a. P-value > 0.1. b. 0.025 P-value < 0.05. c. 0.25 P-value < 0.01. d. 0.05 P-value < 0.1. Given the least squares regression line y = 3 x – 3, which of the following is true? a. The…
You wish to determine the impact expressive writing has on days spent in the hospital for elderly adults. However, it is difficult to estimate the population average of days spent in the hospital. Thus, we recruit 14 elderly adults and randomly assigned half to either write expressively about their most traumatic life event or to write about their plans for that day- both groups write 20-minute essays four days in a row and six months later are asked how many days they have spent in the hospital. Expressive writing condition: 2, 5, 1, 4, 4, 2, 3 Control condition: 8, 8, 5, 2, 7, 5, 7 Which statistical test would you select: Ho: H₁: Enter the data above into and JAMOVI and use the correct statistical procedure to test the null hypothesis - answer the following questions: What is the mean difference between the two samples? What is the standard error of the mean? What is the appropriate 95% CI? [ What is the d-effect size? What is the t-observed? } Based on the p-value (a = .05) should…

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