What are the cellular defense strategies against oxidative damage by ROS?
Q: What is the source of Interleukin 1, tumor necrosis factor-a, and interleukin 6?
A: Interleukin-1, Tumor Necrosis Factor-a, and Interleukin-6 are all types of cytokines that are…
Q: Which functional groups of the amino acid residues are capable of ionization?
A: The functional groups that act as a proton acceptor or proton donor influencers the capacity for a…
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A: Nitric acid (HNO3) is a colourless acid but upon reaction with a protein gives yellow colour due to…
Q: Why can beta-lactamase destroy penicillin, but not methicillin?
A:
Q: What does tryptophan do for the body?
A: Essential amino acids are amino acids, which cannot be synthesized by the body and are acquired…
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A: Pollen grains consist of a hard covering that is made up of sporopollenin. It protects the pollen…
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A: Domains are the structures of the proteins that cannot be considered as secondary structures but…
Q: How many beta globin genes are there?
A: Hemoglobin is formed of four "protein subunits" namely two beta-globin subunits and two alpha-globin…
Q: What determines the specificity of SH2 interactions with other molecules?
A: Introduction: to keep the macromolecule or polymers of biological molecules such as proteins intact,…
Q: How does the action of penicillin differ from that of lysozyme?
A: Penicillin is a secondary metabolite produced by certain bacteria which is used as an antibiotic. A…
Q: What is the difference between competitive and noncompetitive inhibitors?
A: Competitive inhibitionIn competitive inhibition, an inhibitor molecule competes with a substrate by…
Q: What is the major function of Chemokines?
A: Chemokines activated Lymphocytes to site with tissue damage. They also transmit signals through…
Q: Apart from iron, which other cation has a clinically significant binding with transferrin?
A: A positively charged ion is called the cation. While the negatively charged are termed as the…
Q: How are the alarmones ppGpp and pppGpp synthesized?
A: Alarmones are the intracellular molecules produced by the prokaryotes like bacteria and Archaea…
Q: What are reactive oxygen species?
A: Oxygen is an important component of aerobic respiration. In aerobic respiration, glucose molecules…
Q: Why does the immune system recognize particular sugars on red blood cells?
A: Immunology is a part of science that covers the investigation of immune frameworks taking all things…
Q: Are there any amino acids involved in the synthesis of protoporphyrin IX?
A: Protoporphyrin IX is considered as the organic molecule, which is present in the heme group. This is…
Q: What is the function of rusticyanin and where is it found in the cell?
A: Rusticynin is a blue copper protein with a copper center which play a important role in electron…
Q: How does penicillin treat bacterial infections?
A: Antibiotics are substances which are able to inhibit or destroy growth of microorganisms. These…
Q: What is bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) ?
A: Bromodeoxyuridine(BrdU): It is a synthetic nucleoside analog of thymidine that is incorporated into…
Q: Is fadh2 oxidized or reduced?
A: FADH2 is a coenzyme which is used in cellular respiration process to make fuel from food into…
Q: Why is the use of first-generation H1-antihistamines discouraged in clinical practice today?
A: H1 antihistamines are the anti allergens prescribed in the treatment of allergic symptoms such as…
Q: In the CAMP reaction, which organism produces the CAMP factor? What substance does the CAMP factor…
A: The initial identification of the streptococcal and enterococcal species is based on their hemolytic…
Q: How can a person suffering from Adenosine Deaminase deficiency be cured?
A: Introduction In this question we will discuss about how a person suffering from Adenosine Deaminase…
Q: What is the major function of Interleukin 2?
A: Interleukin 2 is a cytokine, a cell-to-cell signaling molecule in the immune system. It is part of…
Q: What are the main biocheanical role of vitomine B6. of
A: Vitamin B6 is also known as pyridoxine and its active form is paradoxical phosphate.
Q: What are hematopoietic growth factors (HGFs)?
A: Haemtopoeisis Production of all types of blood cells including formation, development and…
Q: Why fibrinopepetide A and fibrinopepetide B are negatively charged ?
A: Proteins are made up of amino acids joined together through peptide bonds. 20 standard amino acids…
Q: Which are the Major Hematopoietic Growth Factors (HGFs)?
A: Blood is a body fluid in people and different creatures that conveys vital substances, for example,…
Q: What are Eicosanoids ?
A: Eicosanoids- Eicosanoids are signalling molecules made by the enzymatic or non-enzymatic oxidation…
Q: What do you mean by chemotropism?
A: A stimulus is a detectable variation in the physical or chemical arrangement of the internal or…
Q: 71: What is Von Gierke's disease? explain briefly.
A: Glycogen storage disease occur due to defective metabolism of glycogen that leads to accumulation of…
Q: What is TCA? What are the different enzymes involved in TCA? What are the important products in…
A: Cellular respiration is a series of metabolic reactions and activities that occur in organisms'…
Q: What is the name of themolecule that transportsoxygen in red blood cells?
A: The red blood cells (RBC) are enucleated cells that transport oxygen molecules from the lungs to…
Q: What are the long term effect of cyanide poisoning?
A: Cyanide poisoning is caused by exposure to different forms of cyanide. The early symptoms include…
Q: What is Chemokines?
A: Cytokines are little proteins that regulate the growth and activity of immune system and blood…
Q: How does the difference between the-chain and the -chain of hemoglobin explain the differences…
A: Hemoglobin is an oligomeric, allosteric, conjugated protein with four polypeptide chains joined by…
Q: How many aromatic amino acids are present in vancomycin? And what are they?
A: Proteins are the most common macromolecule found in living organisms. They can be present in all…
Q: Nitrates, such as nitroglycerin, have what mechanism of action? Based on this mechanism of action,…
A: Nitroglycerin is a vasodilator which give relief from the symptoms of angina, high BP.
Q: What product is the cause of TSS?
A: TSS or toxic shock syndrome is a condition in which several body systems of a person are affected or…
Q: What component of the extracellular environment is required for the homophilic interactions mediated…
A: Cadherin is a type of adhesion molecule that exists within cells. Cadherin is found almost…
Q: What structural characteristics of mucopolysaccharides facilitate the removal of pathogens?
A: Mucopolysaccharides, also known as GlycosAminoGlycans (GAGs) are negatively charged polysaccharide…
Q: What is ergot alkaloids ?
A: The series of chemical reactions that occur inside the living body for the production of energy are…
Q: What would be the effect of a mutation that decreased the activity of phosphatidic acid phosphatase?
A: Phosphatidic acid phosphatase is a fat-regulating enzyme that regulates the balance of phosphatidic…
Q: Explain how NH4+ can be toxic to cells. How is this toxicity avoided?
A: Introduction: The organic nitrogen in plants and animals decomposes to ammonia when they die.…
Q: What is the Mechanism of lysozyme catalysed by enzymes without cofactors?
A:
What are the cellular defense strategies against oxidative damage by ROS?
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- what general features may make the C3b receptor suitable for binding C3b but not other ligands?Apart from iron, which other cation has a clinically significant binding with transferrin?Which of the following does not involve a dimerization event? Explain why you chose, or did not choose, each answer. a) Transport of R-SMAD from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. b) Ligand binding to the EGF receptor c) CREB binding to the cAMP response element (CRE) d) Ligand binding to the TGF βreceptor
- Therapeutic agents are currently being investigated that block the action of selectins in order to prevent the pathological effects resulting from leukocyte entry into sites of inflammation. These agents are molecules that inhibit selectin. Describe molecules that might be effective. (Information: Glycoproteins are an important class of proteins. There are many families of glycoproteins: lectins and selectins are examples.)Explain how the chemical messenger histamine is biosynthesized and how it elicits each symptom of inflammation.Poliovirus is highly cytopathic both in cultured cells and in animals. Inoculation of mice with poliovirus leads to a robust antibody and cellular response. Explain why mice infected with a poliovirus mutant that cannot cause cell death have poor antibody and cellular responses. What would be one strategy to restore robust antibody and cellular responses in mice infected with this mutant virus?