What are the benefits of using a mixture classification scheme as outlined in DNA Box 14.1? What would be the advantages of using software for deciphering mixture components?
What are the benefits of using a mixture classification scheme as outlined in DNA Box 14.1? What would be the advantages of using software for deciphering mixture components?
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
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ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
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What are the benefits of using a mixture classification scheme as outlined in DNA Box 14.1? What would be the advantages of using software for deciphering mixture components?
![D.N.A. Box 14.1 Mixture Classification Scheme from the German Stain
Commission
Several years ago the German Stain Commission, a group man not excluded" (RMNE). Type B mixtures can be decon-
of scientists from Germany's Institutes of Legal Medicine, voluted into the major and minor components, usually if
developed a three-part classification scheme for DNA mix- they are present with consistent peak-to-height ratios of
tures. Simple examples of what a Type A (no major contrib- approximately 4:1. The major component following decon-
utor), Type B (major and minor contributors distinguishable), volution can be treated as a single-source profile with a
or Type C (low-level DNA with stochastic effects) mixture random match probability (RMP) being calculated. For Type
C mixtures, where all alleles may not be seen due to allele
dropout, a biostatistical interpretation is not appropriate,
might look like at a single STR locus are shown below:
and a clear decision about whether to include or exclude a
suspect may be difficult to reach.
The DNA mixture in Figure 14.4(b) would be classified as
Турe A
Туре В
Туре С
a Type A mixture. Biostatistical analysis using the com-
bined probability of exclusion (CPE) for the mixture data in
Type A mixtures require a biostatistical analysis that can Figure 14.4 is shown in D.N.A. Box 14.2. A mixture classifi-
be performed with a likelihood ratio (LR) or combined prob- cation flowchart is shown below based on the three types
ability of exclusion (CPE), which is also known as 'random of mixtures.
Is the sample
a mixture?
>2 alleles
at a locus,
except tri-
allelics?
NO
Single Source
DNA Sample
Likelihood
Ratio [LR]
Determine STR profile
and compute RMP
YES
YES
Probability of
Exclusion [CPE]
"RMNE
Mixed DNA
NO
Assume #
Sample
Contributors?
Are # of
contributors
YES
defined?
Stochastic
Differentiate a
Major/Minor
Component?
NO
Effects?
NO
TYPE A
Possible Low
Level DNA?
A biostatistical analysis
must be performed
YES
YES
TҮРЕ В
TYPE C
Determino component profile(s)
and compute RMP for major
A biostatistical analysis
should not be performed
Source:
Schneider, P. M., et al. (2009). The German Stain Commission: Recommendations for the interpretation of mixed stains. International Joumal of
Legal Medicine, 123, 1-5. [Originally published in German in Rechtsmedizin (2006) 16: 401-404.].](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F2475058c-1217-4ff7-920d-d598da624f2e%2F347d8664-14b9-40c8-8bb1-6fd5509789f5%2Flp0u7k9_processed.png&w=3840&q=75)
Transcribed Image Text:D.N.A. Box 14.1 Mixture Classification Scheme from the German Stain
Commission
Several years ago the German Stain Commission, a group man not excluded" (RMNE). Type B mixtures can be decon-
of scientists from Germany's Institutes of Legal Medicine, voluted into the major and minor components, usually if
developed a three-part classification scheme for DNA mix- they are present with consistent peak-to-height ratios of
tures. Simple examples of what a Type A (no major contrib- approximately 4:1. The major component following decon-
utor), Type B (major and minor contributors distinguishable), volution can be treated as a single-source profile with a
or Type C (low-level DNA with stochastic effects) mixture random match probability (RMP) being calculated. For Type
C mixtures, where all alleles may not be seen due to allele
dropout, a biostatistical interpretation is not appropriate,
might look like at a single STR locus are shown below:
and a clear decision about whether to include or exclude a
suspect may be difficult to reach.
The DNA mixture in Figure 14.4(b) would be classified as
Турe A
Туре В
Туре С
a Type A mixture. Biostatistical analysis using the com-
bined probability of exclusion (CPE) for the mixture data in
Type A mixtures require a biostatistical analysis that can Figure 14.4 is shown in D.N.A. Box 14.2. A mixture classifi-
be performed with a likelihood ratio (LR) or combined prob- cation flowchart is shown below based on the three types
ability of exclusion (CPE), which is also known as 'random of mixtures.
Is the sample
a mixture?
>2 alleles
at a locus,
except tri-
allelics?
NO
Single Source
DNA Sample
Likelihood
Ratio [LR]
Determine STR profile
and compute RMP
YES
YES
Probability of
Exclusion [CPE]
"RMNE
Mixed DNA
NO
Assume #
Sample
Contributors?
Are # of
contributors
YES
defined?
Stochastic
Differentiate a
Major/Minor
Component?
NO
Effects?
NO
TYPE A
Possible Low
Level DNA?
A biostatistical analysis
must be performed
YES
YES
TҮРЕ В
TYPE C
Determino component profile(s)
and compute RMP for major
A biostatistical analysis
should not be performed
Source:
Schneider, P. M., et al. (2009). The German Stain Commission: Recommendations for the interpretation of mixed stains. International Joumal of
Legal Medicine, 123, 1-5. [Originally published in German in Rechtsmedizin (2006) 16: 401-404.].
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