What are proto-oncogenes, oncogenes, and tumor suppressor genes and what is their involvement in cancer?

Q: Distinguish between proto-oncogenes and tumorsuppressor genes.

A: The proto-oncogenes are those genes, which promote cell cycle and inhibit apoptosis of the cells.…

Q: Define tumor-suppressor genes. Why is a mutated single copy of a tumor-suppressor gene expected to…

A: The repeated and uncontrollable division of cells forms a large mass called the tumor. Tumors might…

Q: Why are some chromosomal regions amplified/deleted in a specific manner in certain tumor types?

A: Chromosomal amplification: Chromosomal amplification can be explained as the increase in the amount…

Q: Which of the following statements about tumor suppressor genes is FALSE? a) Inactivation of tumor…

A: False statement about tumor suppressor genes.

Q: What significance do BRCA1 and BRCA2 have in regard to developing cancer, and what types of cancer…

A: BRCA 1 & BRCA 2 are found pair in all the organisms where one gene is obtained from each of the…

Q: Compare and contrast oncogenes and tumor suppressors. Contrast oncogenes and proto-oncogenes.…

A: Genetic changes are the primary cause of cancer, an incredibly complicated and multidimensional…

Q: What is the difference between an oncogene and a tumor-suppressor gene? Give some examples of the…

A: Cell proliferation, cell differentiation, and cell survival are under the control of some critical…

Q: Explain the role of epigenetic alterations in cancer ?

A: Genes are the hereditary unit in an organism and are passed on from the parental generation to the…

Q: How interfered regulatory machinery results in production of tumor?

A: Eukaryotes have well-organized nucleus. prokaryotes are devoid of nuclear arrangements. genome…

Q: How can oncogenes lead to cancer?

A: Oncogenesis is a complex, multifactorial process by which normal cells turn into malignant cells.…

Q: Define tumor-suppressor genes. Why is a mutation in a single copy of a tumor-suppressor gene…

A: Tumor-supressor genes: Tumor-suppressor genes is defined as normal genes that will slow down the…

Q: What is the difference between an oncogene and a tumor-suppressorgene? Give two examples of each…

A: Cancer is defined as the biological disorder in which the cells undergo uncontrolled growth and cell…

Q: Which mutations are more common in cancers,  growth promoters  or suppressors and why?

A: Cancer is a complex group of disease affecting a wide range of cell and tissues. It results from…

Q: What are some examples of genes involved in cancer?

A: Cancer is a clinical condition in which there occurs abnormal cell division leading to the formation…

Q: How can a mutation in a tumor-suppressor gene contribute to the development of cancer?

A: Tumor-suppressor genes are like any other normal genes whose functions include slowing down cell…

Q: Explain about the Cancer-causing gene formed by a mutation in a proto-oncogene ?

A: In genetics, the mutation is defined as the changes or alteration in the DNA sequences which result…

Q: How mutations, chromosomal changes epigenetics, and environmental agents play roles in the…

A: Cancer cells breaks the most basic rule of cell behavior by which multicellular organism are built…

Q: Compare the usual functions of proteins encoded by proto-oncogeneswith those of proteins encoded by…

A: Proteins are macromolecules formed by the long chain of amino acids. They are involved in a wide…

Q: Describe how mutations in genome maintenance factors promote tumorigenesis. Why would inactivation…

A: The cells are basic units of life. When any mutation in the gene takes place due to any radiation or…

Q: The palladin gene, which plays a role in pancreatic cancer (see theintroduction to this chapter), is…

A: A disease is an abnormal condition that negatively impacts the structure and function of an…

Q: How Mutations Cause Cancer Phenotypes?

A: The medical condition of cancer is generally characterized by the presence of a cluster of cells…

Q: Which of the following statements about cancer is false? (a) oncogenes arise from mutations in…

A: Proto Oncogenes are the genes that cause cancer when there are alterations in them. Several factors…

Q: What are Ras protein and p53?

A: Different proteins control different mechanisms in the body in inducing the cell growth, cell…

Q: What role do cell check points have in cancer ?

A: Cancer is a disease that is associated with uncontrolled division of cells and invasion of…

Q: How oncogenes contribute to cancer?

A: Cancer:       It is a disease where cells divide abnormally and damage other cells. There are…

Q: How does the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) contribute to tumorigenesis and disease…

A: Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) could be a method within which epithelial cells acquire…

Q: is a normal cellular gene that through a A an oncogene. OA) proto-oncogene...loss-of-function OB)…

A: An oncogene is a cancer-causing gene that has been mutated. A proto-oncogene is a type of oncogene…

Q: how do tumor suppressor genes and proto-oncogenes causes cancer?

A: Tumor suppressor genes- These are the normal genes and they are responsible for regulating cell…

Q: How tumor-suppressor mutations contribute to cancer?

A: Cancer - Cancer is a type of disease in which cells divide in an uncontrolled manner. The cells…

Genomic studies

Genomic studies (genomics) is the study of the whole genome of an organism. Using bioinformatics and high-performance computing, genomic researchers examined massive amounts of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-sequence data to discover variations or mutations that affect drug response, health, or disease. Genomics is a much younger discipline than genetics, having only emerged in the last few decades as a result of technological advancements in DNA sequencing and computational biology.