Virology:Describe how to make an attenuated virus vaccine by briefly describing each step(1-4) in the image below

Q: Virology:Name the 3 ways you can initiate RNA synthesis and a name a virus that uses this strategy .

A: Introduction: Transcription:The copying of genetic information from DNA to RNA is known as…

Q: Briefly describe why herpes simplex viruses (HSVS) cause chronic lytic infections that typically…

A: Viruses are minute particles that are made up of only their genetic material which may be DNA or RNA…

Q: Describe how viruses replicate. Be sure to address the difference between lytic and lysogenic…

A: Viruses are microscopic infectious agent which consists of nucleic acid molecule in a protein coat.…

Q: serology (elisa) lab: What is an example of a disease that attacks the human immune system?

A: There are various diseases that attack the immune system.

Q: Provide background information on zanamivir (antiviral drug) and determine the mode of action. Be…

A: INTRODUCTION Zanamivir Zanamivir is an antiviral drug used to treat influenza caused by Influenza A…

Q: Give typing answer with explanation and conclusion  Detail the approach of DNA vaccination versus…

A: Introduction: Vaccines are biological preparations that stimulate the immune system to recognize and…

Q: Virology: What is a benefit of studying viral replication?

A: Viral replication refers to the process of copying of viral genome and its further assembly. Viruses…

Q: serology (elisa) lab: What are some ways that diseases spread?

A: The disease spread in many ways.  1. Air-  2. Water- 3. Fomite-  4. Direct contact- 5. Sexual…

Q: Virology:What class of fusion protein does influenza have ?Name one characteristic of this class of…

A: Introduction A fusion protein is a protein created by joining two or more genes that were originally…

Q: Measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine​​​​​​​: summery on this vaccine and make sure to include…

A: MMR vaccine includes the weakened or attenuated, live viruses in it which causes a mild infection in…

Q: Briefly describe the events leading to the synthesis of viral proteins. Begin with the genome;…

A: It has been proposed that RNA was the earliest genetic material in primitive living forms. The DNA…

Q: purpose of using the Embryo cells in the vaccine (generally

A: Embryo cells The cells derived from developing fetus or embryos are called embryo cells or fetal…

Q: Name the three way you can initiate RNA synthesis and name a virus that uses this strategy

A: There are three phases/steps of transcription: initiation, elongation and termination. It is easier…

Q: Explain the steps involved in toxoid vaccine production with the help of an example.

A: For many diseases that are occurred due to infection by pathogenic agents like viruses, prevention…

Q: Virology:Describe phage therapy and gene therapy and tell which recombinant virus is used in each…

A: Viruses are unicellular organisms without self replication property. That means they require the…

Q: For the Coronavirus. Describe its causation in terms of agent, host, and environment. Agent: What…

A: Coronavirus is a disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus. Person with Coronavirus have Respiratory…

Q: Virology: How does the influenza virus corrects packaging of all genome segments

A: Genome packaging is a basic interaction in a viral life cycle. Numerous viruses gather preformed…

Q: You are tested for COVID. You have a positive antigen test, a positive RT-PCR test, and a negative…

A: Our bodies take some time to mount an immune response against an infectious agent. Therefore, it is…

Q: serology (elisa) lab: Why is rapid detection of disease exposure important?

A: A disease is a condition in which the normal functioning of an organism is impaired or disrupted…

Q: Virology :Explain how the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) affects the diversity and genome size…

A: Biotechnology is the use of our understanding of biological processes to develop useful applications…

Q: * The effect of a vaccine is an example of

A: Vaccines contain inactivated toxin or killed toxin or antigenic proteins. Vaccines provides…

Q: What is one reason that influenza vaccines must be administered every year, while for some other…

A: Vaccines are prepared from dead or inactive pathogens or its parts and used to induce the immune…

Q: a Cell SSRNA (viral genome) embrane dsDNA C Viral DNA. nucleus d Host DNA SSRNA e Hnct utnniaemir

A: Retrovirus enter their host cell and undergo process called reverse transcription . It is the…

Q: Use this information to answer the question. Human Immunodeficiency viruses, Types 1 and 2 (HIV 1,2)…

A: The ultimate diagnosis of HIV infection at any age requires diagnostic testing that confirms the…

Q: Briefly describe the grafting process.

A: Grafting is the process of joining two plants together to grow as one. The upper portion of the…

Q: A naked (non-enveloped) virus ONLY has a/an O nucleocapsid O envelope O antigenic surface O caporite…

A: The viruses are classified as both living as well as non-living. When they are present outside of…

Q: serology (elisa) lab: Why are immunosuppressant drugs necessary when someone has an organ…

A: Immunosuppressants are drugs that suppress the immune system. In an organ transplant the recipient…

Q: Virology:What class of fusion protein does the influenza virus have ? Name one characteristic of…

A: Influenza virus have the following fusion protein. :Hemagglutinin This is a Class I protein and the…

Q: Multiple Answer: Choose all answers that apply O Viruses can be uccessfully grown on plates simply…

A: Culture media or growth media is media that support the growth of a population of microorganisms or…

Q: Breify explain what do the acronyms STD and STI stand for? While they are often used…

A: The acronym STD stands for Sexually Transmitted Disease while STI stands for Sexually Transmitted…

Q: Part A: Give an example of when you would want to use a broad-spectrum antibiotic and when you would…

A: INTRODUCTION Antibiotics These are medicines that can inhibit the growth of microorganisms.

Q: How can a virus pandemic end?

A: Answer :  A Pandemic is an epidemic that spread to multiple continents of the world with a high…

Q: Where could we find viruses? Explain.

A: A virus is an infectious microbe consisting of a segment of nucleic acid (either DNA or RNA)…

Q: Virology:Influenza virus is able to cause repeated infections by evading immune responses by using…

A: Viruses can infect people. However, viruses infect a huge variety of creatures, so you may discover…

Q: You have several mutant strains of virions. Describe the replication cycle and outcome for each…

A: Understanding the life cycle of a virus, and how mutations can influence each stage, is fundamental…

Q: 4. During development of an antiviral drug to inhibit enteroviruses, resistant viruses are isolated,…

A: Enteroviruses are a type of virus that causes a variety of diseases in people, ranging from mild…

Q: serology (elisa) lab: Why are enzymes used in this immunoassay?

A: Enzymes are biological catalysts. They speed up the rate of reaction. They decrease the activation…

Q: Give typing answer with explanation and conclusion How do vaccines work? Do they work against…

A: Vaccines are biological preparations that stimulate the immune system to recognize and fight off a…

Q: Define what a virus is Define RO State what a virion consists of

A: Hello! Since you have posted multiple questions, we are answering only first three questions. If you…

Q: To detect the protein in Western blotting,     antibody is used     antigen is used     DNA probe…

A: Blotting is a separation technique, in which the samples of DNA, RNA, and proteins are immobilized…

Q: Four mice (M1, M2, M3 and M4) were injected with the recombinant S1 protein alone and four mice (M5,…

A: ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay) is a widely used laboratory technique that allows the…

Industrial Processes

Industrial processes result in the manufacturing of products (biological products, such as enzymes, medicine) on a large scale using different methods, such as physical and chemical procedures. Few products such as pharmaceuticals, agricultural products, food items, etc., involve microbes and their enzymes. Such processes are termed industrial biological processes. Microbiology and biotechnology enable us to utilize the ability of microorganisms to produce enzymes, primary metabolites, and secondary metabolites, which in turn help to produce the desired products.