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Using the HDI, IR, and NMR data from the previous questions, select the structure of the unknown compound with the formula C5H₁0O. Note: All the structures provided here have the same formula of C5H10O to highlight the importance of characterization data. Think about theoretical HDI, IR, and NMR data for each structure option. O

Using the HDI, IR, and NMR data from the previous questions, select the structure of the unknown compound with the formula C5H₁0O. Note: All the structures provided here have the same formula of C5H10O to highlight the importance of characterization data. Think about theoretical HDI, IR, and NMR data for each structure option. O

Chemistry
Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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**Title: Identifying the Structure of an Unknown Compound Using HDI, IR, and NMR Data** **Instructions:** Using the HDI, IR, and NMR data from previous questions, select the structure of the unknown compound with the formula C₅H₁₀O. Note: All the structures provided here have the same molecular formula (C₅H₁₀O) to illustrate the significance of characterization data. Consider the theoretical HDI, IR, and NMR data for each structure option. **Structure Options:** 1. **Structure 1:** - A linear chain with a ketone group (carbonyl group) on the second carbon. 2. **Structure 2:** - A branched chain with a ketone group on the second carbon of the main chain. 3. **Structure 3:** - A linear chain with a ketone group on the third carbon. 4. **Structure 4:** - A cyclopentane ring with a hydroxyl group attached to one of the carbons. 5. **Structure 5:** - An unsaturated chain with an alcohol group (OH) at the end and a double bond between the first and second carbon atoms. **Considerations:** - **HDI (Hydrogen Deficiency Index):** Indicates the number of pi bonds and rings in a molecule. - **IR (Infrared Spectroscopy):** Useful for identifying functional groups such as carbonyl (C=O) and hydroxyl (O-H). - **NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance):** Provides information on the hydrogen and carbon environments, helpful in identifying the framework of the molecule. **Conclusion:** Select the structure that best fits the provided data using theoretical knowledge of HDI, IR, and NMR alongside the molecular formula.
Transcribed Image Text:**Title: Identifying the Structure of an Unknown Compound Using HDI, IR, and NMR Data** **Instructions:** Using the HDI, IR, and NMR data from previous questions, select the structure of the unknown compound with the formula C₅H₁₀O. Note: All the structures provided here have the same molecular formula (C₅H₁₀O) to illustrate the significance of characterization data. Consider the theoretical HDI, IR, and NMR data for each structure option. **Structure Options:** 1. **Structure 1:** - A linear chain with a ketone group (carbonyl group) on the second carbon. 2. **Structure 2:** - A branched chain with a ketone group on the second carbon of the main chain. 3. **Structure 3:** - A linear chain with a ketone group on the third carbon. 4. **Structure 4:** - A cyclopentane ring with a hydroxyl group attached to one of the carbons. 5. **Structure 5:** - An unsaturated chain with an alcohol group (OH) at the end and a double bond between the first and second carbon atoms. **Considerations:** - **HDI (Hydrogen Deficiency Index):** Indicates the number of pi bonds and rings in a molecule. - **IR (Infrared Spectroscopy):** Useful for identifying functional groups such as carbonyl (C=O) and hydroxyl (O-H). - **NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance):** Provides information on the hydrogen and carbon environments, helpful in identifying the framework of the molecule. **Conclusion:** Select the structure that best fits the provided data using theoretical knowledge of HDI, IR, and NMR alongside the molecular formula.
### Infrared Spectrum Analysis #### Infrared Spectrum Graph - **X-Axis (Wavenumbers in cm⁻¹):** Ranges from 3750 to 750 cm⁻¹. - **Y-Axis (Transmittance):** Ranges from 0 to 1. - **Description:** The graph shows various peaks indicating absorption at specific wavenumbers. Key absorptions occur around 3000 cm⁻¹, possible indicating the presence of functional groups such as O-H or N-H. ### Hydrogen Deficiency Index (HDI) - **Formula:** HDI = (2C + 2 + N - H - X) / 2 - **C:** Carbon - **N:** Nitrogen - **H:** Hydrogen - **X:** Halogens (I, Br, Cl, F) ### NMR Spectrum Analysis #### NMR Spectrum Graph - **X-Axis (Chemical Shift in ppm):** Ranges from 3.0 to 0.0 ppm. - **Peaks:** - **a:** Chemical Shift at 2.41 ppm, Integration = 2H - **b:** Chemical Shift at 2.13 ppm, Integration = 3H - **c:** Chemical Shift at 1.61 ppm, Integration = 2H - **d:** Chemical Shift at 0.92 ppm, Integration = 3H #### Peak Table | Peak | Chemical Shift (ppm) | Integration | Multiplicity | Structural Fragments | |------|----------------------|-------------|--------------|----------------------| | a | 2.41 | 2H | | | | b | 2.13 | 3H | | | | c | 1.61 | 2H | | | | d | 0.92 | 3H | | | - **Description:** The NMR spectrum helps identify different hydrogen environments in the molecule, indicating the structure or connectivity of atoms. Each peak corresponds to hydrogen atoms in distinct chemical environments, detailed by their chemical shifts and multiplicity.
Transcribed Image Text:### Infrared Spectrum Analysis #### Infrared Spectrum Graph - **X-Axis (Wavenumbers in cm⁻¹):** Ranges from 3750 to 750 cm⁻¹. - **Y-Axis (Transmittance):** Ranges from 0 to 1. - **Description:** The graph shows various peaks indicating absorption at specific wavenumbers. Key absorptions occur around 3000 cm⁻¹, possible indicating the presence of functional groups such as O-H or N-H. ### Hydrogen Deficiency Index (HDI) - **Formula:** HDI = (2C + 2 + N - H - X) / 2 - **C:** Carbon - **N:** Nitrogen - **H:** Hydrogen - **X:** Halogens (I, Br, Cl, F) ### NMR Spectrum Analysis #### NMR Spectrum Graph - **X-Axis (Chemical Shift in ppm):** Ranges from 3.0 to 0.0 ppm. - **Peaks:** - **a:** Chemical Shift at 2.41 ppm, Integration = 2H - **b:** Chemical Shift at 2.13 ppm, Integration = 3H - **c:** Chemical Shift at 1.61 ppm, Integration = 2H - **d:** Chemical Shift at 0.92 ppm, Integration = 3H #### Peak Table | Peak | Chemical Shift (ppm) | Integration | Multiplicity | Structural Fragments | |------|----------------------|-------------|--------------|----------------------| | a | 2.41 | 2H | | | | b | 2.13 | 3H | | | | c | 1.61 | 2H | | | | d | 0.92 | 3H | | | - **Description:** The NMR spectrum helps identify different hydrogen environments in the molecule, indicating the structure or connectivity of atoms. Each peak corresponds to hydrogen atoms in distinct chemical environments, detailed by their chemical shifts and multiplicity.
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