Use your collective understanding of the soft vs. hard concepts with 1,2- addition or 1,4 - addition for carbonyls to demonstrate cyclization and ring opening for the product. Include all detailed electron- arrow pushing, tautomerization, and cyclization/ring opening steps. Label nucleophile and electrophile for each step and keep track of charges, lone pairs, and protons. * NH₂ NH₂ soft Nucleophile C Intermediate I Intermediate 2. Tautomerization NH₂ NH ring opening cyclization Intermediate 3
Reactions of Ethers
Ethers (R-O-R’) are compounds formed by replacing hydrogen atoms of an alcohol (R-OH compound) or a phenol (C6H5OH) by an aryl/ acyl group (functional group after removing single hydrogen from an aromatic ring). In this section, reaction, preparation and behavior of ethers are discussed in the context of organic chemistry.
Epoxides
Epoxides are a special class of cyclic ethers which are an important functional group in organic chemistry and generate reactive centers due to their unusual high reactivity. Due to their high reactivity, epoxides are considered to be toxic and mutagenic.
Williamson Ether Synthesis
An organic reaction in which an organohalide and a deprotonated alcohol forms ether is known as Williamson ether synthesis. Alexander Williamson developed the Williamson ether synthesis in 1850. The formation of ether in this synthesis is an SN2 reaction.
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