Use the information provided in the experiment below to annotate/ label the figure. Background: Boll weevil is a serious pest of cotton crop. Effective control involves applications of chemical insecticides, increasing the cost of production and environmental pollution. The current genetically modified Bt crops have allowed great benefits to farmers but show activity limited to lepidopteran pests. This work reports on procedures adopted for integration and expression of a cry transgene conferring resistance to boll weevil and fall armyworm by using moleFour Brazilian cotton cultivars were microinjected with a minimal linear cassette generating 1248 putative lines. Complete gene integration was found in only one line (TO-34) containing one copy of crylla detected by Southern blot. Protein was expressed in high concentration at 45 days after emergence (dae), decreasing by approximately 50% at 90 dae. Toxicity of the cry protein was demonstrated in feeding bioassays revealing 56.7% mortality to boll weevil fed buds and 88.1% mortality to fall armyworm fed leaves. A binding of crylla antibody was found in the midgut of boll weevils fed on TO-34 buds in an immunodetection assay. The gene introduced into plants confers resistance to boll weevil and fall armyworm. Transmission of the transgene occurred normally to TI progeny. All plants showed phenotypically normal growth, with fertile flowers and abundant seeds. Results relating to figure: In feeding bioassays, fall armyworm larvae and boll weevil adults were fed on tissues of TO-34 plants over a period of 7 days in order to estimate the mortality rates due to crystal ingestion. The results obtained show the tangible possibility of con- trolling fall armyworm and boll weevil in a non-chemical way. The mortality rates observed in entomological assays for fall armyworm (88.1%) and boll weevil (83.7%) fed on cotton leaves over a period of 7 days were high, but the mortality rate was moderate (56.7%)for boll weevilfed on floral buds (Table 3). This value is justified, given that the promoter used in our gene construction, CaMV 35S, has been reported to have broad expression in various plant organs but limited expression in reproductive structures. Seven lines have been identified with mortality rates close to those presented in Table 3 (data not given)

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Chapter11: Genome Alterations: Mutation And Epigenetics
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Use the information provided in the experiment below to annotate/ label the figure. Background: Boll weevil is a serious pest of cotton crop. Effective control involves applications of chemical insecticides, increasing the cost of production and environmental pollution. The current genetically modified Bt crops have allowed great benefits to farmers but show activity limited to lepidopteran pests. This work reports on procedures adopted for integration and expression of a cry transgene conferring resistance to boll weevil and fall armyworm by using moleFour Brazilian cotton cultivars were microinjected with a minimal linear cassette generating 1248 putative lines. Complete gene integration was found in only one line (TO-34) containing one copy of crylla detected by Southern blot. Protein was expressed in high concentration at 45 days after emergence (dae), decreasing by approximately 50% at 90 dae. Toxicity of the cry protein was demonstrated in feeding bioassays revealing 56.7% mortality to boll weevil fed buds and 88.1% mortality to fall armyworm fed leaves. A binding of crylla antibody was found in the midgut of boll weevils fed on TO-34 buds in an immunodetection assay. The gene introduced into plants confers resistance to boll weevil and fall armyworm. Transmission of the transgene occurred normally to TI progeny. All plants showed phenotypically normal growth, with fertile flowers and abundant seeds. Results relating to figure: In feeding bioassays, fall armyworm larvae and boll weevil adults were fed on tissues of TO-34 plants over a period of 7 days in order to estimate the mortality rates due to crystal ingestion. The results obtained show the tangible possibility of con- trolling fall armyworm and boll weevil in a non-chemical way. The mortality rates observed in entomological assays for fall armyworm (88.1%) and boll weevil (83.7%) fed on cotton leaves over a period of 7 days were high, but the mortality rate was moderate (56.7%)for boll weevilfed on floral buds (Table 3). This value is justified, given that the promoter used in our gene construction, CaMV 35S, has been reported to have broad expression in various plant organs but limited expression in reproductive structures. Seven lines have been identified with mortality rates close to those presented in Table 3 (data not given)
Table 3. Mortality rate (%) of fall armyworm larvae and boll weevil adults fed on tissues from control and TO-34 plants after 7 daysa
Fall armyworm larvae
Boll weevil adults
Leavesb
Genotypes
Controle
TO-34
N
144
144
4.5(+1.4)
88.6(+2.3)
CM(%)
88.1
N
105
105
Leaves
12.3(+1.8)
85.7(+1.2)
CM(%)
83.7
Budsd
9.1(+1.1)
60.7(+1.6)
CM(%)
56.7
a N: number of insects tested; CM: corrected mortality estimated by the Schneider-Orelli formula.29 Standard deviations of the mean are given in
parentheses.
Fresh leaf discs (1 cm diameter) deposited in 24-well trays.
Fresh young leaves (250 mg).
d Young 10 cm buds.
e BRS 293 (non-transformed plants).
Transcribed Image Text:Table 3. Mortality rate (%) of fall armyworm larvae and boll weevil adults fed on tissues from control and TO-34 plants after 7 daysa Fall armyworm larvae Boll weevil adults Leavesb Genotypes Controle TO-34 N 144 144 4.5(+1.4) 88.6(+2.3) CM(%) 88.1 N 105 105 Leaves 12.3(+1.8) 85.7(+1.2) CM(%) 83.7 Budsd 9.1(+1.1) 60.7(+1.6) CM(%) 56.7 a N: number of insects tested; CM: corrected mortality estimated by the Schneider-Orelli formula.29 Standard deviations of the mean are given in parentheses. Fresh leaf discs (1 cm diameter) deposited in 24-well trays. Fresh young leaves (250 mg). d Young 10 cm buds. e BRS 293 (non-transformed plants).
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